REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 569 



ExxnHment 157. Resin compound. 



Made of resin, 30 pounds; caustic soda, 3 pounds; and water to make 230 gallons 

 of wash; at a cost of 60 cents. Sprayed by Mr. Alexander Craw, and reported in 

 letter of November 23. White Scale when well saturated die, but when only lightly 

 sprayed foiTii new wax. Black Scale all dead. As a wash for Black Scale in the 

 fall and winter it will be admirable, but for the most thorough work only IbO gal- 

 lons of water should be taken. 



Experiments on Fumigation ivith Bisulpldde of Carbon. 



Experiment 1. — September 29. One and a half fluid ounces in 1-pound tin can 

 were set on the ground near young shoots of orange, and a 50-gallon cask placed 

 over this for three hours. After removing cask only half of the carbon had evapo- 

 rated; scales seemed to be dead. On examining next day found all of them living. 



Experiment 2. — September 29. Poured three-fourths fluid" ounce into bottom of 

 cask; placed tliis over young plants at 3 p. m. ; left until 1 p. m. next day. AU 

 the insects were found dead, and had changed their color to a light hyacinth red. 

 October 4, leaves began to drop. October 7, nearly all eggs had changed to straw 

 color. About three-fourths of the leaves dropped, and the plant had not recovered 

 November 1. 



Experiment 3. — September 30. One and a half fluid ounces in 1-pound tin can set 

 under cask and left for 20 hours. Destroyed all scales and eggs. About one-third 

 of the leaves dropped. 



Experivient 4. — October 1. One and a half fluid ounces poured into cask and 

 placed over plants for 3 hours. Killed all scales and eggs. No leaves dropped, and 

 the plant has not in the least been injured. 



Experiment 5. — October 14. Made on tree about 7 feet high and 5 inches in diam- 

 eter, under tent. Two fluid ounces in shallow tin pan placed in middle of tree from 

 11a. m. until 3 p. m. Destroyed all the scales except those on a few of the lowest 

 branches, where the eggs also remained uninjured. Tree not injured; no leaves 

 dropped. 



Experiment 6. — October 22. On tree about 8 feet in diameter, under tent. Six 

 fluid ounces in shallow tin pan set in middle of tree at 3.30 p. m. and left until 6.30 

 p. m. Had no effect whatever on scales. 



EXPERIMENTS ON RED SCALE {Aspidiotus aurantii). 



Experiment 33. Soap 25. 



Soap, 2 pints; water, 1 gallon. Applied August 5. August 14, nearly all scales 

 killed; a few mother scales with eggs and young living. October 5, only a few 

 newly formed scales could be found. 



Experiment 48. Kerosene emulsion and soap 37. 



Kerosene emulsion, 1 pint; soap, 5 pints; water, 4 gallons. Applied August 18. 

 Tree full of scales; some of the branches already destroyed. August 23, manv young 

 scales have hatched; only part of large scales dead. September 24, about one-fifth 

 of old scales living; many young on tree. 



Experiment 49. Soap 37. 



Soap, 3 pints; water, 1 gallon. Applied August 18. Tree thickly infested with 

 Icerya and Red Scales. August 23, scales nearly all dead and dry; a few young. 

 September 24, a few of the old scales still living; occasionally a young larva found; 

 tree in good condition. 



Experiment 50. Soap 37. 



Soap, 3 pints; water, 1 gallon. Applied August 18. Tree thickly infested with 

 scales; half of the branches killed. August 23, about half the leaves have dropped. 

 September 6, leaves have ceased dropping; tree recovering; occasionally one young 

 scale found. September 18, tree pushing out new shoots. November 4, tree grow- 

 ing vigorously; young scales very few. 



Eocperiment 52. Kerosene emulsion 41. 



Emulsion, 4 pints; water, 1 gallon. Applied August 25 on tree infested with 

 Icerya and Red Scale. August 28, Icerya all destroyed. Red Scales apparentlv so. 

 September 24, a few gravid females still living; occasionaUy a single newly formed 



