BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 603 



Co-operation witli authorities of tlie State of Maryland has been 

 more satisfactory than with those of any other State. The local 

 laws are good, and the work has been very largely in the hands of 

 the inspectors of this Department. The number of infected herds 

 reported from this State is 19G, containing 2,277 animals, of which 

 705 were diseased. Dr. Wray, the inspector who has been in charge 

 of the work in Maryland since September 20, reported under date of 

 December 7 that since the former date 122 herds, containing 1,354 

 animals, had been put in quarantine, and that 92 herds, containing 

 1,089 animals, were still held under such restrictions. Since July i 

 this Department has purchased and slaughtered in Maryland 308 

 diseased cattle, for which $7,069 was paid, being an average of about 

 $23 per head. 



In Maryland the quarantine has been made very efi&cient by plac- 

 ing a chain, fastened with a numbered lock, around the horns, or, 

 with hornless cattle around the neck, of every exposed animal. This 

 has prevented the substitution of one animal for another, and it has 

 also led to the prompt detection of any quarantined cattle which have 

 been allowed to stray beyond the boundaries of the infected premises. 

 The sick animals have been promptly slaughtered, and it is believed 

 that the good effects of this work are already seen in the decreased 

 number of new herds infected. In a number of cases where infected 

 herds have been of unusual danger to surrounding cattle this De- 

 partment has purchased and destroyed the sick animals, and the State 

 has then condemned and slaughtered the remainder of the herd, thus 

 entirely eradicating the disease at once. Unfortunately the State 

 appropriation has not been large enough to do this in as many cases 

 as seemed desirable. 



No recent investigations have been made in Pennsylvania. The 

 governor's agent, Mr. T. J. Edge, reports that during the year end- 

 ing November 30, 1886, 128 diseased animals were condemned and 

 slaughtered. 



INVESTIGATIONS OF SWINE DISEASES. 



In view of the results of investigations which have shown the 

 existence of two distinct infectious diseases in swine, perhaps of equal 

 virulence and distribution, a change in the nomenclature becomes 

 necessary in order to avoid any confusion in the future. Since these 

 two diseases have been considered as one in the past, and the names 

 swine-plague and hog-cholera have been applied indiscriminately, we 

 prefer to retain both names, with a more restricted meaning, using 

 the name hog -cholera for the disease described in the last report as 

 swine-plague, which is produced by a motile bacterium, and apply- 

 ing the name swine-plague to the other disease, the chief seat of 

 whichis in the lungs. This change is the more desirable since recent 

 investigations have shown that the latter disease exists in Germany, 

 where it is called swine-plague {Schweineseuche). 



INVESTIGATIONS OF HOG-CHOLERA. 



Sovie additional biological facts concerning the bacterium which 

 produces the disease.— In the second annual report of the Bureau 

 and the Annual Report of the Department for 1885, the bacterium of 

 hog cholera was quite minutely described, so that no one acquainted 

 with bacteriological investigations would find it difficult to recognize 



