242 \EW JERSEY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 



generation the fruits are pendent, but in the second generation 

 the pendent characteristic is met with in three-fourths of the 

 plants while the remaining cjuarter are upright or, in terms of 

 Mendel, the pendent type is dominant and the upright recessive. 



If the assumption be adhered to that the upright type is the 

 ancient one, that is. of the wild parents of the various cultivated 

 \-arieties, we have a case in w-hich the younger, namely, the pen- 

 dent type, is in control or dominates over the ancestors, giving 

 only its kind in the generation immediately following the cross. 



A study of the peduncles and particularly their union with 

 the buds (flowers and fruits) shows that there is decided differ- 

 ence whether they bear pendent or upright fruits. As a rule, 

 the latter have a more symmetrically developed peduncle (often 

 shorter) than those that bear pendent fruits. While the upright 

 type has the fruit borne upon a straight stem directly above the 

 branch, the pendent's peduncle, although attached to the upper 

 side of the branch, needs to bend outward and downward, so that 

 the fruits gathered with their "stems on" show clearly to which 

 type they belong, by the straight or curved peduncle. 



PEPPER STEMS. 



Pepper stems vary greatly among the varieties but are quite 

 constant within any one commercial sort. There is more or less 

 correlation between the character of the stem and the leaves 

 and the fruit. Thus the slender-stemmed kinds, like "Bird's 

 Eye," shown in Plate XII at i, have small leaves and fruit. In 

 such plants the internodes are long and with a secondary stem 

 at each node ; repeating this habit of the plant, the sprays become 

 quite compound. Sometimes the tw'o (or more) stems at a 

 node are nearly of equal size, as shown at 2 (U. S. D. A. 

 22807), 3-i^tl the plant presents a repeated forking that results in 

 a broad, flat-topped plant. Again, the branches are along one 

 side of the main stem, as shown at 3 ("New Celestial"), from 

 the axils of which the fruits arise somewhat in a row. Such 

 stems are frequently inclined at forty-five degrees and may bear 

 single fruits and one or two leaves of considerable size. In the 

 cross, 48/36 I, that is, "New Tomato" (48) upon "Red Cran- 

 berr}^'" (36) shown at 4 in the plate, there is a union of a tall 

 ordinarily branched form of stem with a dwarf having the in- 

 ternodes very short and the leaves and fruits fascicled or 

 grouped. For the sake of showing the stem, all the leaves 

 have been removed, leaving the fruits only intact. It is with 

 difficulty that the places of the many leaves can be seen but it 



