70 ROCHESTER ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. [June 23, 
reason for this is the universal presence of salt (sodium chloride) both 
in kitchen wastes and in human excreta. 
The normal chlorine of the immediate region was determined by 
examining the water of springs and a stream on the east side of the 
Springwater valley, far enough up the hill to be above any possible 
source of human contamination, and as a mean of three such determina- 
tions the normal chlorine of the natural waters of the Springwater valley 
is taken for the purpose of this study at 0.13 grains per U. S. gallon. 
The following table shows the amount as determined for a number 
of the village wells, results in grains per U. S. gallon: 
Chlorine in grains per Ratio of normal chlo- 
DESIGNATION OF WELL. U.S. gallon Meanrine to amount ac- 
of determinations. tually found. 
School house well - - - - 0.43 3-3 
Wieskievbierce= 3. 7 - - - - - 0.46 3.5 
Henry Stewart ‘‘ = = - = 0.67 5c 
Waite Se pea - - - =| 1.25 9.6 
Frank Grover ‘‘ 0.40 Soak 
Morris & Grover well - 1.00 Weil 
E. A. Robinson ‘‘ - - - - 1.54 11.6 
Allen & Whitlock ‘‘ - - - - 3.Al 26.2 
Mrs. R. K. Grover‘*— - = : - 0.38 3.0 
Doty ec = = - - 1.13 8.7 
Daniel Norton ‘“ - : - - 0.33 2.6 
Snyder hotel ‘* : - : - 7.92 60.9 
Brophy ESS cs . - 0.44 34 
Hendershot *‘ - - - 5.02 38.6 
Mrs. E. Robinson ‘‘ 2 2 - - 0.37 2.9 
After making these chlorine determinations we again earnestly 
repeated to the citizens of Springwater the advice which we gave them 
on our first visit, namely, to use no well water for drinking or other 
domestic purposes which had not been brought to the boiling point and 
kept boiling for at least 30 minutes. The more intelligent people of 
the village acted promptly on this advice when first given, and to such 
action on their part must be ascribed in some considerable degree the 
speedy suppression of the endemic. 
The result of our preliminary examination for chlorine was such as 
to convince us of the desirability of having extended examinations, and 
after consultation with the Chief Engineer and the members of the 
Executive Board, a series of samples of the water of such wells as 
appeared by the preliminary examination sufficiently bad to justify the 
expense were taken to Professor Lattimore for complete chemical 
analysis, while two series of samples were forwarded to Dr. H. C. Ernst, 
of the Harvard Medical School, Boston, for bacteriological and chemi- 
cal examination. 
