THE FORMATION OF PLANTATIONS. 139 
IV. Planting for landscape effect generally takes the form of 
clumps or hedgerows, and is often done with larger-sized plants. 
A proprietor who wishes to alter and improve the appearance of 
his estate, tries to do so as rapidly as Nature will permit him, 
and spares neither trouble nor expense to produce immediate and 
good effect. Both in the planting and preparing for the lifting of 
tall plants, much heavy work is necessary. To transplant a tree 
—say from 12 to 20 feet high—with a reasonable hope of 
success means much previous forethought and labour. It must 
be “ringed” or cut round the roots one or more years before- 
hand, so as to make it produce fine roots or fibres numerous 
enough to retain a good ball of earth when the tree is lifted and 
taken to its new position. After planting it in a wide roomy 
pit, it should be steadied by stakes or ropes until its roots get a 
firm hold of the ground. 
In the case of hedgerows, the plants should always be tall 
enough to be beyond the reach of cattle and horses cropping their 
foliage, and every individual tree should be protected from the 
ground to such a height that it cannot be injured by animals of 
any kind. 
Although planting can be generally performed according to 
stated rules, the forester must at all times exercise his own skill 
and judgment, combining in this, as in other things, good theory 
with sound practice. 
VOL, XIV. PART III. N 
