146 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
labour costs from 3s. 3d. to 6s. per acre, while hand labour entails 
an outlay of 10s. to 16s. per acre. The results got by the former 
method are quite as satisfactory as under the latter system. 
In regenerating a beech wood, about 3 to 1 lb. per acre of the 
seed of ash and sycamore is worked into the soil, though if 
mother-trees of these species should be present on the area, no 
artificial addition of seed is necessary. The period of actual 
regeneration generally occupies from fifteen to twenty years. 
Should any blanks occur, these are filled up with well-grown 
plants of ash or sycamore, and in some cases a few spruces are 
introduced. It is not the custom in this forest to retain any 
standards at the end of the normal rotation, the system having 
proved unsatisfactory. Where specially heavy trees are wanted, 
it is found better to abstain from felling certain portions of the 
forest till the trees have attained te the desired size. 
The spruce woods are all formed by the use of three or four 
year-old transplants. 
The felling of the trees is all undertaken by the regular forest 
hands, the buyer in no case being allowed to fell. The timber 
is generally sold by auction, and last year the following prices 
were obtained per cubic foot, English measurement :— 
Class I. Class II. Class III. Class LV, Class V. 
Oak, . Is. 44d. Ue ole 94d. 64d. 6d, 
Beech, : 62d, 74d. 64d. bid. 43d. 
Spruce, 4 Ae a. 62d. 54d, 3gd, 
Beech firewood fetched about 18s. per cord. * 
Of the total felling, 60 per cent. of the oak, 25 per cent. of the 
beech, and 75 per cent. of the spruce was classed as timber, the 
rest being small-wood and firewood. Most of the beech timber 
was employed in the manufacture of chairs and staves. 
The sporting rights of the park are retained by the Emperor, who 
usually shoots here once a year. The chief attraction centres in 
the wild swine, of which about 300 head are killed annually. Fallow 
deer also furnish about 40 head of the total bag. The wild swine 
require supplementary food (maize, potatoes, etc.) during the 
whole year—with the exception of the autumn of good seed 
years, when beech mast and acorns are abundant; but the fallow 
deer only require attention in the matter of food during winter, 
when they receive beans, chestnuts, oats, hay, and maize. 
