152 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The permanent staff at the Academy of Eberswalde consists of 
the following:—Dr Dankelmann (Director), Dr Schwappach, 
Forstmeister Runnebaum, Forstmeister Zeising, and Dr Kienitz, 
all of whom attend to the various branches of Forestry. Then we 
have Dr Remelé (Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology), Dr Altum 
(Zoology), Dr Muttrich (Physics and Meteorology), Dr Ramann 
(Relation of Trees to Soil and Situation), and Dr Schwarz (Botany). 
These senior members of the staff have all assistants, who attend 
to the demonstrations, but usually give courses of lectures as 
well. Instruction in Forest Law is attended to by Dr Dickel 
from Berlin, and Agriculture by Dr Canstein, formerly of the 
Agricultural College in Berlin. 
Eberswalde is the centre of a large system of forestal investiga- 
tion and experiment, which is carried on throughout the whole 
of Prussia, and embraces Technology, Geology, Mineralogy, 
Meteorology, Botany, and Zoology. 
Extensive collections, libraries, nurseries (30 acres), fish 
hatcheries, seed-kilns, and the neighbouring forests (40,000 acres), 
constitute important adjuncts to the teaching of the lecture-room. 
Visits to the forest two or three times a week form a regular 
part of the training, and a fortnight’s excursion to some more 
distant wooded area is usually arranged at the end of the summer 
session. 
Candidates for entrance to the Prussian Forest Service must 
first of all furnish a school “leaving certificate,” and produce a 
doctor’s certificate of physical fitness. They then spend a year 
at practical work in the woods under the direction of a State 
Oberforster. During this year of preparation, the candidate 
gains some knowledge of practical detail, and is able to convince 
himself, before too late, whether a forester’s life is likely to suit 
him or not. At the end of this period, the aspirant is ready to 
begin his scientific training, which consists of two years at the 
Forest Schools of Eberswalde or Munden, and of one year in some 
university where Law and Political Economy may be studied. 
At the end of these three years the student presents himself for his 
first examination, and should he be successful in getting through, 
he is designated a Forstreferendar. The next step is to select a 
State Forest with as varied conditions as possible, in which two 
years are spent, fifteen months of which are specially devoted to 
Forest protection, Forest administration, and the preparation of 
Forest working plans. During these two years the candidate has 
to keep a diary, in which he makes a short record of his observa- 
tions, and which serves as an index of his diligence. Then follows 
the second examination, after which the young forester is called a 
Forstassessor, and enters upon active employment. 
The soil of the district round Eberswalde consists of alluvial 
