SOME ASPECTS OF THE EXCURSION TO GERMANY. 179 
the soil becomes deteriorated, owing to exposure to the effects of 
the sun, winds, and other agencies, and the successful regeneration 
is frequently attended with anything but satisfaction. By adopt- 
ing the system of felling in strips, and regenerating these under 
the shelter of the adjoining wood, the soil is protected from drying 
winds, and to a certain extent from the rays of the sun, so that 
radiation is reduced, and the young plants are not so liable as 
when fully exposed, to be injured by frosts. The effects of shelter, 
apart from these considerations, upon the growing stock, is a more 
vigorous growth, which tends to an early formation of canopy. 
On areas, owing to xsthetic or other considerations, where it 
is desirable to retain continuously a sylvan crop, the uneven- 
aged selection system may be adopted with advantage. By 
doing so, a full stocking is kept up, and a regular yield of timber 
realised. 
In plantations kept up for ornament, large trees, owing to age, 
frequently become comparatively useless, and as the result of 
deaths and windfalls, the ground becomes imperfectly stocked. 
In such’a case, and where otherwise applicable, the foregoing or 
the group system could be adopted, in order that the ground 
might be fully utilised, its ornamental character preserved, if not 
improved, and an outturn of useful timber obtained. 
Working plans for the future administration of woodland 
estates should, after mature deliberation, be formed and 
systematically carried out, in order that a continuity of manage- 
ment may be observed, although the administrators be changed. 
In this paper the object has been to leave out all superfluous 
matter, and deal only with what might be of use to those who 
take an interest in forestry, and it is hoped that the object for 
which it was written may have that result. 
