Soil Survey of Cass County, Indiana. 187 
in a south of northwest direction, enters Cass County about two miles 
below where the Wabash River enters, keeping the general direction 
until it is south of Lewisburg, when it turns sharply to the north, empty- 
ing into the Wabash River just below that town. Pipe Creek derives 
its name from the fact that for the greater part of its course in Cass 
County, the channel is carved in the limestone which comes to the sur- 
face at that place. Twelve Mile Creek drains the southern portion of 
Adams Township and a part of Bethlehem Township, emptying into 
Eel River. Indian Creek flows northwest, and Little Indian Creek drains 
west, both emptying into the Tippecanoe River. Crooked Creek rises in 
the southwest portion of Bethlehem Township and, after making many 
turns in flowing to the west, bends to the south and enters the Wabash 
River near Georgetown. 
Lake Cicott is nine miles west of Logansport, a little to the south- 
west of the center of Jefferson Township. It is one mile long east and 
west and has an average width of one-fourth of a mile north and south, 
and its greatest depth is sixty-four feet. Bluffs twenty-five feet high 
surround it on all sides except the east, where during high water it 
drains by means of an old outlet through a former lake bed into Crooked 
Creek. 
Abandoned Valleys —A few well-marked abandoned valleys occur 
near the present Wabash Valley. The first one is around Waverly— 
in fact the town is in the valley. The channel enters the county in 
Sections 22 and 27, just east of Waverly, where it forms a valley almost 
a mile wide, narrowing to one-half of a mile near the Miami—Cass 
County line. Nearly a mile west of Waverly the valley turns to the 
south, entering the present Wabash Valley a short distance west of 
Lewisburg. The boundaries of the channel are rather uniform, except 
for a few gullies that enter on either side. Dr. M. N. Elrod and Mr. 
A. C. Benedict, in discussing the geology of Cass County in the nine- 
teenth annual report of the Indiana Department of Geology and Natural 
Resources for 1894, say: 
“This stream occupies a preglacial channel that starts west from the 
mouth of the Mississinewa, above Peru, and runs in a western direction 
until it reaches a point about one mile west of Waverly, where it turns 
south and intersects the Wabash one-half mile west of Lewisburg. At 
the time of our visit a diminutive streamlet was trickling over the rocks 
where once a volume of water poured.” 
We have shown that stream as an intermittent stream on the accom- 
panying map. 
Another interesting valley occurs west of Logansport in Clinton 
Township, where it roughly parallels the present channel of the Wabash 
River. This channel leaves the county one-fourth mile north of Clinton 
