Soil Survey of Cass County, Indiana. 191 
planted 31,754 acres in oats, or a little more than the amount devoted 
to wheat. 
A great deal of the rye planted was devoted to pasturage or plowed 
under in the spring as a green manure. Some may be used as a winter 
cover crop where land tends to erode. The crop for 1917 amounted to 
5,493 acres, while almost double that area was sown in the fall, or 
9,032 acres. 
Some barley is grown in this region, eighty-four acres in 1917, and 
considerable land is devoted to buckwheat, for the seed principally, and 
secondarily to be used as a source for honey; and, last but not least, 
buckwheat is used as a restorer of fertility and friability of the soil; 
fifty-four acres were devoted to this crop alone. 
The hay produced in Cass County is an important factor in the 
agricultural economy, the largest item of which was 10,298 acres of 
land growing timothy hay during 1917. Some of it is sold and leaves 
the county; the greater part of it is fed nearby and returned to the 
farms in the form of manure. Twenty acres of land were devoted to 
millet and Hungarian grasses. 
A crop that has a great beneficial effect on the soil and should have 
a greater acreage is clover, of which 8,787 acres were used for hay, 
while 3,317 acres were cut and thrashed for seed. The combined acreage 
could easily be one-fourth of the combined acreage of the oats and wheat 
grown, and the farming interests would profit by the change. 
In 1917 there were ten pure-bred horses and colts, fifteen milk cows, 
and 200 hogs in Cass County (reported to the township assessor). At 
that time there were 10,604 horses, 1,686 mules, 8,066 milk cows, 56,630 
hogs and 5,923 sheep. There were 4,417 sheep sheared, yielding an 
average fleece of 7.2 pounds. 
In 1917 Cass County had only 173 colonies of bees, which yielded 
2,550 pounds of honey. It would be safe to say that more than that 
amount of honey was “wasted on the desert air” in the county because 
no bees were present to save it. 
The farmers of Cass County bought 862 tons of fertilizers in 1917 
and used a great deal of it on their wheat land. 
The farmers had forty-two tractors on their farms the same year 
to aid in increasing the amount of their farm crops. They also had 
1,491 cream separators in use on their farms. 
Climatology.—tIn a general way Cass County has the same kind of 
climate that north central Indiana experiences. The following data is 
based on a record of twenty-eight years in the city of Logansport about 
two squares north of Eel River at an elevation of 620 feet. (The coun- 
try is slightly rolling.) The average date of the last killing frost in 
the spring is April 27th, and the last killing frost in the fall is October 
