Soil Survey of Cass County, Indiana. 203 
DUNKIRK LOAMY FINE SAND. 
Characteristics—The surface of this type is a yellowish gray to 
brown fine sandy loam. At six to ten inches it gradually changes to a 
fine yellowish sand, with perhaps a small amount of clay. The subsoil 
is variable, ranging from almost pure sand to a very sandy loam. 
The topography of the Dunkirk fine loamy sand ranges from almost 
level to a rolling surface comprised of a series of sand ridges, the 
valleys holding the Clyde fine sandy loam. The Dunkirk loamy fine 
sand usually borders the muck patches, forming sand ridges. 
Drainage.—The drainage is good, except in the narrow, depressed 
valleys, which are poorly drained. 
Crops Grown.—Corn and oats do well on this type where the organic 
content is well supplied. Wheat does well when it has a favorable 
winter. Cow peas seem to be the best crop to supply plant food, as it 
can be grown more easily than clover. Most of the crop, however, 
should be plowed under. The agricultural practices given for the Miami 
series apply here. 
DUNKIRK FINE SAND. 
Characteristics—The Dunkirk fine sand occurs as a fine yellowish 
sand in ridges on the border of the lake plane region. These ridges are 
resting on a clay bottom. In some instances the clay seems to form the 
core of the ridge, the sand forming a sort of veneer. The loose drift 
sand was formed in unequal ridges by the wind blowing it in one direc- 
tion, forming a gentle slope on the windward side and a sharp, abrupt 
slope on the leeward side. 
The sand blows on the surrounding land, smothering ‘2 vegetation 
and beating the tender leaves to strings in the early spring. Care must 
be taken to keep a cover crop on all ridges and sandy areas that have 
a tendency to be moved by the wind. Rye is a good crop for this 
purpose. 
Crops Grown.—Corn and oats do moderately well on this type. Wheat 
does very well, while navy beans are grown to some extent. A sand 
ridge is always damp just under the surface during the dryest weather. 
The crop yield is usually limited by the amount of available plant food. 
This is difficult to retain because of the bleaching power of the soil 
water. Clover is a good crop for green mantre, or perhaps a better 
crop is cow peas, 
