The Birds of the Sand Dunes. 285 
29. Marila valisneria, Canvas-back. These two species were formerly 
abundant on Wolf and George Lakes, at the edge of the dune country, 
also at Liverpool, Lake County, where a large flock of the latter were 
seen February 28, 1896, by Mr. J. G. Parker, but now they are far less 
common. 
30. Marila marila, Scaup Duck. March 18 and April 24, 1916, I 
saw flocks of fifteen and seven on Long Lake which I took to be this 
species. There is absolutely no reason why they should not be here, 
as well as Mavila affinis, since they breed from Minnesota northward 
and winter from there south and southeastward, thus being almost com- 
pelled to cross over. 
31. Marila affinis, Lesser Scaup Duck. An abundant migrant over 
the whole region of which the Dune region is the centre. 
32. Marila collaris, Ring-necked Duck. Also this species can hardly 
avoid being found here during migration, although I have no positive 
dates at my command. It is simply a matter of having enough time to 
be there continually during migration to find this and other species of 
similar habits and range. 
33. Clangula clangula americana, Golden-eye. A common winter 
resident throughout the southern end of Lake Michigan. This is a 
hardy species and is in some places called Winter Duck. March 18, 
1916, I saw about twenty-five on Long Lake. 
34. Charitonetta albeola, Bufile-head. Not as common as the pre- 
ceding one, since it spends the winter farther south as a rule. Mr. 
Stoddard took a female out of a small flock on Long Lake, April 25, 1917. 
35. Harelda hyemalis, Old-squaaw. An abundant winter resident. 
Myr. J. G. Parker, Jr., and Mr. F. W. Woodruff saw large flocks of them 
at Millers in January and February, 1897. 
The Eiders and Scoters would probably in time nearly all be seen 
by one who would have the time and hardihood to patrol the beach daily 
during the winter, as there are records for them from as near the south 
end of the lake as Chicago. 
36. Evrismatura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck. Early records show that 
this species not only visited here but bred in this region. Mr. H. K. 
Coale found two males and a female together at Tolleston, now a part 
of Gary, May 9, 1877. It no doubt still returns to the ponds and slug- 
gish streams so well loved by it, as the Grand and Little Calumet. 
What has above been said concerning the Eiders and Scoters prob- 
ably holds good for the various Geese, of which we have no definite 
record for the narrow region under discussion. They would probably 
nearly all be seen in time. Mr. Stoddard saw six Snow Geese off Gary 
October 21, 1916, which I would put down as Chen hyperboreus hyper- 
boreus, since that is the form whose breeding range is west of Hudson 
