The Birds of the Sand Dunes. 295 
113. Myiochanes virens, Wood Pewee. The melancholy note of this 
small flycatcher is not nearly as often heard as one would suppose from 
the wooded condition of the Dunes. On the other hand it cannot be 
called rare. 
114. Empidonax flaviventris, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. A probably 
not uncommon migrant. We saw one or two at Mineral Springs, May 
20 and 30, 1916. 
115. Hmpidonasx virescens, Acadian Flycatcher. Uncommon over most 
of the Dunes, but nests rather commonly in the damp woods along the 
creek at Tremont. Stoddard found nests on the following dates: July 
30, 1915, one with two partly feathered young; June 28, 1916, one with 
one young and one addled egg, and one on the same day with two 
freshly laid eggs, at Mineral Springs. 
116. Empidonax trailli trailli, Traill’s Flycatcher. A few nest in 
bushes in the open swamps. 
117. Empidonax minimus, Least Flycatcher. A common enough mi- 
grant, but scarce breeder. May 20, 1916, there were about six in a 
migratory wave. 
The Shore Lark or Horned Lark (Otocoris alpestris alpestris) prob- 
ably occurs here in company with the Snow Buntings and Longspurs, 
which frequent the beach at times in fall and winter, but I have no 
records. 
118. Otocoris alpestris praticola, Prairie Horned Lark. A _ rare 
breeder in our circumscribed area, common enough just a little south 
of the Dunes. 
119. Cyanocitta cristata cristata, Blue Jay. A common permanent 
resident; especially common in the tamarack swamp at Mineral Springs, 
which is protected from the cold north wind by several dunes. 
120. Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos, Crow. A rather com- 
mon breeder and quite a few stay over winter. The flocks of migrating 
crows show what seems to be a crossing of migration routes here. Flocks 
coming from southwest in spring cross over to the eastern shore of Lake 
Michigan, while others coming from southeast seem to make for the 
western shore of the lake, heading toward Wisconsin, thus crossing their 
paths. In fall it is, of course, reversed. We believe to have noticed the 
same thing with other migrants, too, e. g., Bluebirds. 
121. Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink. A common summer resident, 
breeding in the swales and moist meadows adjoining the dunes on the 
south. 
122. Molothrus ater ater, Cowbird. This is.a decided nuisance in 
our region. April 24, 1915, I saw several hundred on a walk of two 
miles from Tremont to Mineral Springs, and most were apparently look- 
ing for nests. To this I ascribe the fact that there are relatively so 
few small birds found here in summer, such as warblers, finches, etc. 
