REPOET OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 271 



account of its natural history was based upon observations made in Illi- 

 nois and ^Missouri, and -s^e ^ve^e mucli interested in ascertaining whether 

 there would bo any departure from these habits in New York, especially 

 in reference to the species being single or double brooded, as much of 

 the efficacy of any practical recommendations would depend upon the 

 local facts. 



We therefore made every effort to ascertain the facts in the case, and, 

 on the supposition that there might be a second generation of worms, we 

 had Mr. Smith pay two other visits to Goshen, one early in September 

 and one early in October, with a view of making additional observa- 

 tions. Our otiSce notes show that nearly full-grown larvae were received 

 from Goshen on June 18 and 2G, from the onion patches, and that addi- 

 tional huv;ii were received July 24 and 30 from Trenton, N. J., where 

 they had been feeding on cabbage. 



The moths from the first lot of larvae (from Goshen), issued July 25, 

 20, and 20, while those from the second lot (from Trenton) made their 

 appearance August 11, 17, 18, and 28. A few pupte, obtained the first 

 week in September, gave out the moths September 8, 9, and 10. This 

 corresponds very well with our previous experience, the more northern 

 latitude accounting for the somewhat later appearances in New York 

 than in Illinois and Missouri. 



At Goshen all the larva? had apparently transformed by September 2, 

 the date of Mr. Smith's second examination. This second visit was 

 undertaken in consequence of a rej)ort that a second brood of worms 

 had made its appearance and was damaging the neighboring oat fields; 

 but, as it turned out, this report arose from the presence of the Army 

 Worm {Lencania unipuncta) in the oats. The onions had ripened and 

 were largely gathered, many fields having been replanted in corn, oats, 

 or turnips in consequence of the damage done to the onions by the 

 worms. A more careful search through the onion fields showed no 

 traces of the eggs, larva?, or moths, but by digging he found a few pupae 

 inclosed in earthern cells some 4 inches below the surface of the ground. 

 They were very scarce and he found no empty shells to indicate that 

 they had been more abundant. The probabilities are that a vast ma- 

 jority of the larvae fell a prey to Tachina hies, the eggs of which were 

 noticed on a very large proportion of the larvae in June. 



A further examination at the beginning of October failed to reveal 

 any traces either of eggs, larvae, pupa\ or moths in the vicinity of the 

 ravaged onion fields, save a few empty pupro shells in the same locality 

 where the pajiae were found in September. There had been at this time 

 a frost severe enough to form ice, and it is safe to presume that the 

 season for the development of the species had at that time ceased. 



From the experience of the year it is evident to our mind that there 

 was no second generation, and that, therefore, the previous observa- 

 tions in the West have been confirmed on this point. Both Mr. Smith's 

 examination and our own office notes are entirely negative iu throwing 

 further light on the method of hibernation, and, as we know from onr 

 former experience that the full-grown larvae are found early enough in 

 the season to injure the buds of fruit trees — the best evidence that they 

 have hibernated— and as the larval hibernation is by far the most com- 

 mon among the Cut-worms, we are still of the opinion that the species so 

 hibei-nates as a rule, even in New York State. 



This does not, however, preclude the hibernation of some of the later- 

 developed moths, and the fact that neither moths, eggs, nor young larvae 

 were found in October must, we think, be exi^lained on two grounds, (1) 

 either limited and insufficient search, or (2) their occurrence in adjacent 



