288 EErOET OF THE COMMISSIONEE OF AGEICULTUEE. 



cles wbitisli ; tlie two basal jointa shortest and stoutest ; all others globular, decreasing 

 slightly iu size from 3 to 2G, the peduncles cylindrical and gradually increasing in 

 length; apical nipple almost as long as apical joint. Palpi faintly dusky, 4-jointcd, 

 joint 4 about as long as 2 and 3 together, and somewhat curved. Thorax very darb, 

 dull gray or black, with two anteriorly diverging, rather indistinct gray stripes, 

 beset with long yellowish hairs; an oblique row of such hairs runs from near thf. 

 head and extcudts along the side of the thorax to near the anterior margin of the 

 scutcllnni; a semicircle of similar hairs en the scutcllum, the lateral ones longest: 

 wings faintly fuliginous, with slight reflections, covered sparsely with a very delicate 

 blackiish pubescence; veins somewhat darker; fringes blackish; haltcrcs pale yellow- 

 ish ; legs dusky, with a nunc or less yellowish tinge ; tibia", palest, femora almost black 

 outside in some of the fuUj-maturo sx)eciuiens, covered inside with ])ale-yellow, glist- 

 ening pnbf'scencp, the hairs along the inner surlaco whitish. Abdomen dark-graj", 

 almost black dorsally, where it is sparsely beset with minute, fine, pale bail's, and with 

 a fringe of long, line, ])aIe-yel]owisb hairs along the posterior border of each joint: 

 venter more brownish, inclining to black, each joint with a transverse quadrate spot, 

 obsolete in the darker specimens, more closely beset with long and somewhat wavy, 

 pale hairs; genitalia (PI. Vll, Figs. 3, 6 and 4) pale-yellowish or dusky, consistingof a 

 pair of prominent, 2-jointed claspersor forceps, which, when protruded, are recurved 

 ilorsally ; the basal joint (a) swolleu, ellipsoidal, with a few still" hairs, and very faintly 

 striate transversely ; the terminal joint (b) consisting of a hook, evidently movable 

 and usually bent inward and backward; just above those prominent claspers is the 

 stylo or intromitteut organ proper (c), a pointed process, i-eaching, when at rest, not 

 quite to half the length of the swollen basal joint of claspers, and broadening ba.s- 

 aily ; a suprapenal piece (d) is crescent-shaped, the ears of the crescent reaching about 

 as far as the tip of the style, and its base broadening. Still above this is a V-shaped 

 palpigerous piece (e), broad terminally, w^th a well-marked, V-shaped medial slit, 

 and with a simple palpus and a still hair on either side. The whole mechanism plays 

 on an clastic and luembranoiis sheath, which is retractile within the anal joint of 

 the abdomen. Before use it is closely folded back, bo as to be with difficulty analyzed. 



5. — Average length, exclusive of ovipositor, about 3.4'"", the ovipositor, when 

 extended, being longer than the rest of the body ; expanse, about V"'"''. Antenna) 

 normal, 14-jointed (2 -f- 12), slightly longer than head and thorax together, the two 

 basal joints as in male; joint 3 longest, almost as long as 4 and 5 together; the rest 

 of about e(iual length, cylindrical, slightly thickest anteriorly, with rounded tips 

 and somewhat truncated bases ; the pedicels of joints 4 to 7 somewhat shorter than 

 the others; apical nipple shorter than apical joint. In general, somewhat lighter iu 

 color than the male; the extended ovipositor lighter than remainder of the abdomen. 



Described from upwards of thirty fresh specimens, reared from larva) injuring the 

 fruit of the pear, at Merideu, Conn. 



Lakva.. — Length, 4™"" to 4.5'^™. Color pale yellow. Surface polished and very 

 faiutly reticulated. Breastbone pale brownish, its apex broadly bilobod. (In the fig- 

 ure ifc'is represented as rather too long for its width.) Body (13 joints and subjoiut) 

 14-jointed, exclusive of the head. Autenn;e 2-jointcd. Anal subjoiut much narrower 

 laterally than the penultimate, slightly concave, the concavity beset with six (three 

 each side) small fleshy tubercles (the two middle ones are not shown in the fig- 

 ure), of which the second one on each side is stoutest, those on the external angles 

 bearing each a short spine. Spiracles normally placed and mounted on tubercles. 



Pupa. — Average length about 3'""°. Head, thorax, legs, and Aviug-cases blackish, 



makiug species, he never refers to the structural character of the genitalia, but dwells 

 chiefly on the far less significant color and the structure of the ovipositor of the female. 

 Osteu Sacken has fully recognized the classificatory value of these genitalia in the 

 TipnJidw (Monographs of th(i Diptera of North America, Part IV, Smiths. Miscell. 

 Coll., 219, 18C9) and admirably figured them. Their value has also been recognized 

 in some groups of Coleoptera (c. (7., Kiescn welter's Monographie der Malthiuen, Linnaja 

 Eutomologica, xvii, 18^2) and in Lepidoptera (see Scndder &, Burgess, Proc. Boston 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, Apr.. IbTO ; F. Buchanan White, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 2d ser. 

 Zool., i, p. 357, 1S7G ; P. II. Gosse, Ibid, 2nd ser. ZooL, ii, p. 2G5, 1882), but chiefly iu 

 Ncuroptcra, because of the prominence they have, as a rule, iu that Order. Yet no 

 very serious attempt has lieeu made to co-ordinate and homologize the parts. Iu fact 

 they show in the same Order, and even in the same family and genus, such an infinity 

 of variation that it is questionable whether they can always be homologized. Take 

 as an illustration McLachlan's admirable "Monographic Eevision and Synopsis of 

 Trichoptera of the European Fauna." In this he shows how absolutely essential the 

 male genitalia are in discriminating species, though he is often in doubt as to the 

 nature of the parts, or as to what really constitutes the true penis, and with the ex- 

 ception of this organ and its sheath the oilier ajipendages are designated either as 

 superior, intermediate, inferior, or lateral. In the Lcpitloptera the parts have been 

 variously named eo that there is no uniform terminology. 



