BUKEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 499 



m patches. The glands between the coils of the large intestine of a 

 dart purplish-red. The caecum and ueighboiing portion of large intes- 

 tine closelj^ studded with sui)erficial ulcerations of varying size, some 

 yellowish, others with a jet-black center surrounded by a yellowish bor- 

 der. This center probably represents the remains of the blood extraya- 

 satious leading to the ulceration. In cover-glass preparations of the 

 spleen and liver, the same oval bacterium was present in moderate num- 

 bers. In a gelatine tube culture each of blood from the heart and of 

 the spleen, the characteristic colonies appeared very numerous in the 

 spleen and moderately so in the blood. Liquid cultures from the same 

 sources were found to contain the motile bacterium only and to have 

 the characteristic growth on gelatine. 



In case of No. 99 the temperature likewise rose to 107^° F., on Novem- 

 ber 30. It died on December 7. The lesions resembled those of No. 98, 

 with the following exceptions : In the left side of the abdominal cavity 

 a large clot of blood was found beneath the peritoneum, extending from 

 near the diaphragm into the j)elvi8 and representing probably 300<"= ot 

 blood. The left kidney was entirely imbedded in it. The place of rupt- 

 ure could not be found, owing to the firmness of the clot. Both kidneys 

 pale. Glands of the intestinal tract prominent, but very pale. In the 

 stomach the food there present was encased in a dark coagulum. The 

 hemorrhage probably came from the base of the folds at the fundus, 

 where the mucosa was very dark red. In the cfecum and large intes- 

 tine the mucous membrane was studded with jet-black pigment-patches 

 collected into lines and groups. The valve was covered with these ec- 

 chymoses showing signs of ulceration. This condition prevailed through- 

 out the large intestine ; the rectum seemed intact. Echinorhynchi in 

 small intestine. The oval bacterium found on cover-glass preparations 

 of the spleen in moderate quantity. Two cultures in tubes containing 

 gelatine were x)repared, one from blood taken from the heart, the other 

 from the spleen. In forty-eight hours a small number of whitish points 

 were i^resent in the blood culture. In that of the spleen, however, each 

 needle-track contained a large number of these minute colonies. In ad- 

 dition to these there were in all five colonies distinguished from the rest 

 by their large size. Two cultures in meat infusion peptone inoculated 

 with blood from the heart, when tested on gelatine plates, were found 

 pure. A liquid culture from the spleen gave different results. The line 

 on the gelatine xjlate, along which the bacteria had been sown, was visi- 

 ble as a white line in twenty-four hours, while the colonics of the bac- 

 terium of swine plague do not appear within forty-eight hours after 

 sowing. The surface growth especially was quite vigorous, enlarging 

 within three to four daj'S into an irregular whitish birod. The microbe 

 resembled that of swine plague, but was larger and stained more deeply. 

 The liquid culture itself, when re-examined, was covered by a brittle 

 membrane. The tube culture in gelatine demonstrated that the strange 

 microbe \V;Ta present in very small numbers in the spleen itself. This 

 illustrates very clearly how one method of culture acts as a check on the 

 other, and how each contributes something to the determination of the 

 truth. The presence of another organism in the spleen need not bo very 

 surprising when we consider the severe hemorrhage mentioned above. 



Two pigs, Nos. 107 and 108, M-erc allowed to feed December 9 upon the 

 stomach and intestines of No. 99. No. 107, after showing sym])toms for 

 about a week, was found dead December 18. No. 108 "lingered until 

 December 21, when it was found dead. In No. 107 there were a few 

 ulcers in the caecum and a large area of inflammation in the stomach. 

 The lymphatics in general were swollen and gorged with blood. Ex- 



