o5G ilEPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. i 



elevations or swellings are sometimes met "with made up of nests of 

 strongyli. 



lu the case of a cow which had suffered for months, and finally died 

 from suffocation, Anacker, quotecl by Ziiru {Die Schmarotzer, &c., p. 

 274), describes the lungs as follows : 



Bronclii filled with bundles of worms enveloped in a viscid, bloody mucus. The 

 mucous membrane presented the appearance of a catarrhal infiammatiou. It was 

 much reddened and studded with hemorrhaj^ic points and patches. Lnnp;s ccdeuia- 

 tous. Much serum flowed on cutting into them. Some lobules Avero inllated and 

 slightly inflamed. Most were hepatized or solidified and surrounded by strips of tissue 

 infiltrated Avith scrum, so that they represented small oblong fields in which the 

 alveoli, filled with pus, were recognizable as small gray nodules projecting slightly 

 above the cut surface. The thorax and pericardium contained much serum. 



Several calves affected with lung-worms were received at the experi- 

 mental station October 21. One of them was killed for examination 

 October 20. During its stay at the station there were no marked indi- 

 cations of pulmonary disease, excepting a cougli, which slowly decreased 

 in severity. There was no discharge from the nose, no difficulty in 

 breathing. Physical examination revealed local loss of resonance and 

 increased cre]>itation. 



The lungs (Plates III, IV) had a normal appearance with the excep- 

 tion of some irregular patches of a dark-red color, more numerous pos- 

 teriorly where the pleura was also much clouded. On removing them 

 from the thorax no adhesions could be detected. The posterior half of 

 both lungs, however, was found doughy, not fully collapsed. Large 

 masses of hepatized tissue were wedged in and bounded by normal tis- 

 sue. The solidified portions were of a deep-red fiesh color, with paler 

 jioints scattered through it, representing the finest bronchioles. This 

 tissue sank immediately when placed in water. There was no hyper- 

 trophy of the interlobular connective tissue. On slitting open the 

 smaller bronchi bundles of adult worms were seen, almost filling up the 

 lumen of the tubes. The worms were arranged parallel with one an- 

 other, a few projecting from the opening of each smaller bronchus into 

 the larger tube. (Plate IV, Fig. 2.) The mucous membrane of these 

 tubes was pale and covered with a very slight amount of mucus. 



Portions of the lung were placed in the relrigerator over night and 

 examined on the following day, wheii the cut ends of the bronchi were 

 found crowded with worms partly extruded. It was thought that the 

 absence of respiration induced an outward migration of the worms and 

 might explain the crowed condition of the larger bronchi. Of all the 

 worms examined the caudal extremity was turned towards the trachea, 

 however. 



Scrapings from the mucous membrane of the bronchi and from the 

 cut surface of the hepatized regions contained ova and active embryos. 

 The embryos within the ova moved at intervals, proving that they were 

 nearly prepared to leave the shell. The bronchi containing the para- 

 sites were quite uniformly surrounded with hepatized tissue. The 

 bronchi penetrating healthy lobes were found empty. 



In the disease of lambs recently minutely described by A. Koch {loo. 

 cit.) the surface of the lungs is studded with ten to thirty yellowish 

 nodular elevations varying from the size of a lentil to that of a walnut 

 and elastic to the touch. Smaller nodules about the size of a hemp-seed 

 usually accompany the others, but arc situated near the boi;(iIers of the 

 lungs."^ On section these nodules are observed to represent modified air- 

 cells filled with a milky fluid, and containing small, hair-like, interlacing, 

 filamentous worms scarcely distinguishable with the naked eye. Under 



