5G2 liJr^POKT OF Till: COJIMISSIONER OF AaKlCULTURE. 



tlic tiiiclif'ri, wliii-h will he. leU as a tense elastic tube along the middle line 

 of tin' ueck. TIr' most convenient ])oint for tlie introduction of the 

 needle is at iil»(»iu tlu' middle oC the length of the neck. It must be re- 

 nuuu bored that some care is to l>c observed, as the trachea is in relation 

 with some important structures on either side, the jugular vein, the 

 carotid artery, and the pneumogastric nerve. Having fixed the trachea 

 with the left iiand, tlie needle with the trocar is inserted beneath the 

 ^^kin liud thiMi ;m iiitcrannular space is sought so as not to pierce a car- 

 tilaginous ring. Or the needle may be pushed directly into the trachea 

 without necessarily avoiding a cartilaginous ring. The unimpeded 

 movement of the free end of the needle as if in an empty space is a 

 sure sign that the needle is in its proper place. The trocar is now re- 

 moved, the syringe screwed upon the needle and the contents very slowly 

 forced out into the trachea, Before the needle is finally withdrawn, Dr. 

 Levi thinks best to wash it out with some pure water so as to remove 

 the injecting fluid. In withdrawing the needle this might accidentally 

 be discharged in the wound made by the needle and set up inflamma- 

 tion, if the substances introduced be irritating. How this washing-out 

 is to be done he does not state. It seems that a small pipette or medi- 

 cine-dropper filled with water and inserted into the end of the needle 

 would suffice to wash it out, or drawing back the piston of the syringe 

 would leave the needle comparatively empty. The needle might also be 

 washed out by removing the syringe, washing it out, tilling with water, 

 and forcing a few drops into the trachea through this needle. This, 

 however, would cause unnecessary delay before the animal is released, 

 and is, therefore, not to be recommended. The simplest method, then, 

 to emi)ty the needle would be to draw back the piston, for the discharge 

 of anything but the purest water into the wound may ])roduce more irri- 

 tation than the medicinal substances themselves. The animal should be 

 watched for some time, especially after the first operation, to observe 

 how the injection has been borne, and whether any symptoms arise which 

 indicate difficulty of breathing. 



If, as has been suggested, a slight incision be made in the skin before 

 introducing the needle, and if a cartilaginous ring be avoided in pierc- 

 ing the trachea, the ordinary needle with beveled extremity (Plate VI, 

 Fig. 7) Avill be sufficient, and the trocar may be dispensed with. When 

 the needle has entered the tracliea, a slight hissing noise due to the en- 

 trance and exit of air with each inspiration and expiration indicates that 

 the needle has reached its destination and is not plugged. 



The substances to be iiijfcted should have distinctly vermicide prop- 

 erties without being at the same tiiue too irritating or ])oisonous in their 

 elfects on the animal. Levi gives two formula3 which he used with suc- 

 cess upon a sheep. The worms were discharged in three days and the 

 catarrh cured. 



By weight. 



Iodine parts.. 2 



Iddido of potash do... 10 



Dis'alled wuter do... 100 



Begin with half a drachm of this solution added to half a drachm 

 of water, and incTease by half a drachm of the above solution each 

 day up to 5 drachms. Another remedy is the following: Mix equal 

 parts of turpentine and olive oil, and inject from 1 to 4 drachms. In 

 this case the writer ])robably intended to state that the dose should be 

 increased from 1 to 4 drachms on successive days. 



Eloire [Recueil <lc Med. Vet. 1883, p. GS3) gives the following formula: 



Ordinary oil of poppy aud oil of turpentine, each parts.. 100 



Carbolic acid and purified oil of cado, each - do... 2 



