49 



and map appeared in the seventeenth volume of that journal. It is presented 

 herewith, not because it has value as being an accurate map of the cave, but 

 because it possesses a certain archaic value as being the first map to have appeared 

 in print. A previous map, essentially the same, is known to have been made, 

 but there is no record of its having found a way into literature. The author of 

 our map is unknown, so far as any fact connected with its publication goes, but 

 in a later number of the same journal another map is mentioned as accompany- 

 ing a description of a mummy from a cave near by and on deposit for exhibition 

 purposes in the Mammoth Cave, and is said to be the same, substantially, "as 

 that which we had received before from Mr. Bogert;" from which fact it appears- 

 that such was the name of the man who presented the original map. But noth- 

 ing more is known of him. This map is not drawn to scale, nor was the compass 

 employed in determining the relations and directions of the several halls. AVith 

 the exception of a very few localities near the entrance, which are fairly correctly 

 located, it is impossible to identify any of these avenues with those now known. 

 But the map is important as being the beginning of the published cartography o£ 

 the cave. 



The second map of Mammoth Cave was the one prepared by Dr. Xahuni 

 Ward, a photographic copy of which is presented herewith, its original, the only 

 copy now known to be extant, being in my own library. This map first appeared 

 in the Worcester Spy, a newspaper of Massachusetts, in .June or July, 1816, My 

 copy is a facsimile, printed on one-half of a newspaper sheet, with blank reverse. 

 As presented herewith it is reduced one-half. 



As in the case of Bogert's map, so in this one, it is impossible to identify very 

 many ot the localities mentioned. The descriptions of Doctor Ward are quite full 

 but are by no means exact. He appears to have been thoroughly impressed by 

 the great magnitude of the cavern, and the terms selected to convey has idfeas of 

 the cave comport well with its greatness. But the map is drawn to- no scale and, 

 as may be noted from the map itself, its horizontal distances are grossly inaccurate. 

 In addition this writer makes the cavern to pass under the Green Eiver in three 

 separate places. As a matter of fact it is impossible for sodi an extension to' 

 happen ; the area of the cave is limited by the configuration of the country around 

 it ; while its depth is determined by the level of Green Eiver, into which, by- 

 several separate channels, breaking out as large or small springs, the waters of 

 the cavern eventually find their way. The drainage levels of th« subterranean 

 streams are all determined by that of the Green. While Ward employed the 

 compass at places and determined thus the directions of the longest diameters of 

 the great halls, he did not employ it constantly or systematically and nowhere did 



