74 



of the lake, south of tlie Sigler hotel, some rods out from the bluff, and once cov- 

 ered with the lake water, and the seventh is still covered by the lake water, in the 

 northeast part of the lake, its existence ascertained by bathers, or divers, on ac- 

 count of the change in temperature of the water. Others like it doubtless feed 

 the lake. The eighth to be mentioned here is in the east part of the town of 

 Lowell, in the Cedar Creek Valley, the feeder of a beautiful little tish pond. The 

 ninth, and last, to be specially mentioned, and surely not the least, was known in 

 the early settlement of the county as the Mound Spring, or Springs. These 

 springs, forming (juite a stream called Spring Run, are in the prairie, two miles 

 east of the Lowell mill pond, and a mile east of Pleasant Grove. From these 

 springs water was hauled in barrels for three or four years to supply many fami- 

 lies of early settlers. 



Other line springs are in Cedar Creek and Eagle Creek townships and along 

 the West Creek Valley, nearly all being lowland springs and furnishing excellent 

 water. 



At LeRoy, near the water-shed, there is a well called artesian, sixty-two feet 

 in depth, which is an artificial spring. The water is excellent. There is another 

 like it a mile east of Crown Point in the Deep River Valley, near the river bed, 

 eighty-five feet in depth. 



At Hammond, in the Grand Calumet lowland, are three true artesian wells 

 eighteen hundred feet in depth. An effort was made to obtain one on the public 

 square at Crown Point, but after going through l(i feet of earth and clay, 100 of 

 quicksand, 25 of blue clay, 112 of slate and shale, 667 of blue limestone streaked 

 with pure white sand rock, brown sand rock and fine gravel of different colors, 

 and into so-called Trenton rock, in all 3,100 feet, the effort was abandoned. No 

 rising water found. 



The sand layers and ridges of the county form an interesting study. The 

 shore of Lake Michigan is all sand, and this sand, generally in ridges, some mas- 

 sive, some low, running about parallel with the shore line, with marshes and 

 swales intervening and some swamps extend to the Little Calumet, with an average 

 width of seven miles. Some of this sand is (juite white, some yellowish. South 

 of the Calumet a ridge of sand extends across the county passing out into Illinois 

 for several miles at Lansing, and leaving the county on the east near Hobart. This 

 ridge varies in width, being twenty rods and then less and then inore. 



The crest is in some places thirty or more feet high. Its direction is nearly 

 east and west. South of it, on the west side of the county, is yet another ridge 

 with a base about as broad and a crest as high, commencing at Dyer on the State 



