116 ■ 



and one-half of the per cent, of sulphur. When the heating effect, as found in 

 the calorimetre (calculated on the basis of the fuel burned and vapors of water at 

 100° C.) was divided by this per cent, of combustible matter it was found that one 

 gram of combustible matter gives, on the average, for the Indiana coals 8073 

 calories and for the Pittsburgh coals 8078 calories. 



We may, therefore, give the following empirical rule for the calculation of 

 the heating effect of coals : Find the combustible matter by subtracting from 100 the 

 per cents, of water and ash and one- half of the per cent, of sulphur, and multiply this re- 

 mainder by 80.7. The result will give the heating effect of the fuel burned to liquid ivater. 



For the twenty-one coals referred to, the heating eflFect calculated by this rule 

 shows a maximum deviation from the calorimetre test of two and one-fourth per 

 cent., while the agreement is in most cases, much closer than that. 



It would not be safe to apply this rule to coals known to be of very different 

 origin or character, until a similar comparison of calorimetre results with the 

 analvsis has been made for such coals. 



JNOTES ON THE FlORA OF LaKE CrCOTT AND LaKE MA.VtNivrCKEE. By 



Robert He:*3ler. 



The following notes on the flora of the region surrounding Lakes Cicott and 

 Maxinkuckee are offered as a contribution toward a complete flora of Indiana; 

 they are based on personal observations made during the period beginning with 

 August, 1894, and ending with December, 1896. 



Longcliff, just west of Logansport. has been the basis of oiieration, so to speak, 

 and this locality has been examined most fully. I thought it best, therefore, to 

 make mention of the noteworthy plants found here, although the flora does not 

 differ materially from that common to the central part of the State. It is the 

 usual glacial drift flora, with beech as the most common forest tree. 



The region about the lakes is in marked contrast. The upland soil is made 

 \ip of a fine sand which contains only the merest trace of lime, and with oak as 

 the prevailing tree. The lowlands in places are wet or swampy. Tamarack 

 swamps and peat bogs occur here and there, but are nowhere of great extent. It 

 is, perhaps, unnecessary to state that the wet northern portion of Indiana is being 

 drained more and more every year, and the land, exceedingly fertile, brought 

 under cultivation. The completion of the Kankakee drainage system will, in 

 time, be followed by numerous minor system*, and in the course of a few years the 



