160. 



Juniperus Virginiana L. The apparently rapid increase of this cedar through- 

 out southern Indiana is worthy of note. Within ten years the number of well- 

 grown forms has increased at least fourfold. The explanation of this increase is 

 to be found in the almost universal fencing of regions formerly wild, and the con- 

 sequent restriction of cattle ranges. It is an extremely suggestive example of the 

 almost immediate effect of a modification of the factors entering into the struggle 

 for existence. It is incidentally suggestive of the fact that when reforestration is 

 attempted, the young forest areas must be as carefully guarded as are flower or 

 vegetable gardens. 



Tipularia discolor Nutt. This rare orchid is reported by Prof. A. H. Young 

 as having been found at the Clifty Falls station, in Jefferson county, the past sea- 

 son. This is much south of its central range, although in its easterly range it ex- 

 tends as far south as Florida. 



The plant affects sandy woods, while the Clifty Falls Station can offer noth- 

 ing except a thin limestone soil or a heavy, cold clay. The record is verified by 

 herbarium specimens. 



The composite of Indiana, so far as reported to the survey, number 213 

 species, distributed through 55 genera. The Asters lead with 32 reported species, 

 Solidarjo coming second with 28. The other larger genera are Helianthus, 13 

 species ; Eupatoriuin, 7 species ; Erigeron and Coreopsis each with species ; Bidens, 

 Silpfiinm and Liatris each with 5 species. Owing to imperfect notes and " scrappy " 

 material the work, especially in the Asters and Solidagos, was extremely difficult. 

 While doubtless many errors occur, there has been a constant endeavor to elim- 

 inate all doubtful references. In some cases specimens have not been seen, but 

 where admitted the original specimens have been passed upon by some well-known 

 expert. Very few of Dr. Schneck's specimens have come into my hands, but all 

 of his doubtful forms were relerred at the time of collection to Dr. Gray. It may 

 be assumed that all admitted forms have been inspected or passed upon by some 

 botanist entitled to speak with authority. 



It may be intimated here that apparently no other family responds so quickly 

 to changed conditions. The response, even to slight changes, is often very marked. 

 Many .4s<e/-.s and some Solidagos present fairly disiinct forms, determined appar- 

 ently merely by the amount of light or shade. Others indicate clearly the amount 

 of moisture in the soil. Because of this ready respon.se to environmental changes 

 a determination of a form from a single specimen is often an impossibility. I 

 have felt compelled in some cases to omit from the list forms of apparently correct 

 determination until fuller notes or a larger suite of specimens proved them not to 

 be environmental variations. 



