90 



Proceedings of Indiana Academy of Science 



Figure 4 illustrates the general idea. In order to prove this point a 

 well test was made to determine the direction of ground water flow on 

 the north shore of North Pine Lake at the point indicated by the let- 

 ter W in figure 2. The point selected for the test was located fifty feet 

 from the present lake shore, about five feet above present lake level on 

 the old lake bed. A three-inch well was sunk to a depth of twenty- 

 nine feet, which brought it to the level of the deepest point in Pine 

 Lake. The deepest point in Pine Lake was 24 feet, located three hun- 

 dred feet directly out from where the well test was made. Using the 

 three-inch well as a center and a radius of six feet, a circle was de- 

 scribed. On this circle at the cardinal and intercardinal points two- 

 inch wells were sunk to the same depth as the three-inch well. The 

 water rose in these wells to various heights from 2.73 to 3.08 feet below 

 lake level. This circumstance proved that the ground water was not 

 moving toward the lake at the surface of the lake. Some of the wells 



t/77Trrm r/rrrrrr'rrtTrrT rfrfrmTT rrrr rTT, 



FiK. 4. Cross-section from middle of section ?,, T. 156 N., R. 3 W. northward 

 through Stone and Pine Lakes and Hardini^- Tond. to SprinKville, shnwin.ur probable 

 ;jrround water movements. 



had clay pockets in the drilling and these wells stood at the highest 

 level. All the wells were in gravel at the bottom. 



At six a. m., July 4, 1922, the center well was charged with fluoi-- 

 escein, which colors the water a vivid green. Samples were taken from 

 the outer wells each hour during the afternoon. At 7:00 p. m. a faint 

 color was detected in the northwest well which became distinct at 7:15. 

 Thus the ground water at that point was moving northwestward at 

 the rate of six feet in thirteen hours, 11 1/13 feet per day. If this rate 

 is uniform the time necessary for it to travel to the springs north of 

 the divide is almost four years. This is rather rapid for ground water 

 flow but the rapidity is due to the gradient of twenty-two feet per mile 

 and the coarse sand and gravel through which the flow occurs. 



The result of this test when associated with the fact that the lake 

 levels are successively lower from Lower to North Pine and that there 

 are overland channels which flow from Lily to Stone and from Stone 

 to South Pine part of the year leaves no room to doubt that the prin- 

 cipal ground water di'ainage from the lakes is from North Pine north- 

 ward. 



