170 Proceedings of Indiana Academy of Science 



Burkholder reported that Jonathan spot (cause unknown) was 

 worse this year than he had noted previously and attributed this to 

 the early ripening of the Jonathan variety. Cullinan also reported 

 this trouble worse than usual, and many growers have expressed great 

 concern about this disease, stating that it is of great importance and 

 necessitates immediate consumption of the fruit. An opinion was ex- 

 pressed that Jonathan spot is worse on lower sites in southern Indiana. 

 The disease also occurs on the King David variety and was noted on 

 the Hubbardston variety at Goshen. Cullinan reported that bitter pit 

 (cause unknown) was common on Grimes, Baldwin, and Ai-kansas in 

 Franklin County. Burkholder was inclined to associate the severity of 

 bitter pit on Baldwin this year with the early ripening. Water core 

 (cause unknown) was noted on a few North westerns in an orchard in 

 Henry County. 



A peculiar type of canker following 17-year-locust injury of 1918 

 on Grimes limbs was sent in from an orchard in Brown County. Heal- 

 ing had been prevented and the callus had been killed back annually. 

 Both old and new calluses were abundantly covered with sporulating 

 acervuli of a species of Hyaloceras. In this same orchard was found 

 another distinctive type of canker' on old and young twigs of the 

 Champion variety. On young twigs these cankers were black in color 

 and circular with an even, definite margin, and on older limbs were 

 more or less circular and elevated, often with a peripheral crack not 

 unlike fire blight cankers. Preliminary efforts to isolate an organism 

 have been unsuccessful. 



The destructiveness of the collar rot of the Grimes variety has been 

 previously reported. In one row of Grimes in an orchard in Morgan 

 County, ten trees have been killed by this trouble. Collar rot was noted 

 on Grimes in Miami County and was reported in six-year-old trees in 

 Fulton County but in general is not as destructive in northern as in 

 southern Indiana. Collar rot was noted on young Oldenburg trees at 

 Vincennes and Cullinan reported that it also occurred on the varieties 

 Rhode Island and Tompkins King. In new orchards this difficulty with 

 Grimes is being met by using double-worked trees and in old orchards 

 inarch grafts have been used to save the affected trees. 



Another trouble apparently distinct from collar rot is the root-rot 

 which occurs, according to Burkholder, in practically all varieties 

 planted on recently cleared land in the "sassafras" region embracing 

 Brown, Monroe, Greene, Daviess, Martin, Lawrence, Orange, Washing- 

 ton and Jackson counties or parts thereof. In an experimental orchard 

 near Bedford eleven trees including Northwestern, Grimes, Arkansas, 

 Indian, and Ben Davis died in the fall of 1920 as a result of root rot 

 and in 1921 six more died, including Grimes, Rome, Northwestern, 

 Jonathan, and Ben Davis. A grower in Orange County reported root 

 rot present on Stayman, Jonathan, and Rome and worst on Delicious, 

 and a grower in Brown County reported much difficulty with root rot. 

 Near Mitchell, Oldenburg and Gideon trees were observed which were 



■• Later found to be identical with the non-parasitic brown bark spot of Montana. 

 (Swingle, D. B., and Morris, H. E. The brown bark spot of fruit trees. Mont. AKr. 

 Ex. Sta. Bui.. 146:1-22, 19^..) 



