Indiana Plant Diseases, 1921 171 



dying apparently from root-rot. A grower brought in a specimen of a 

 12-year-olcl tree from an orchard in Martin County that had died from 

 root rot and reported that it was very destructive in the neighborhood 

 of Indian Springs and Trinity Springs. The varieties affected were 

 Stayman, Grimes, and Willow. Careful inspection of a large orchard 

 planted on old farming soil in this root-rot region revealed no cases 

 of root rot whatever and leads to the inference that the disease is asso- 

 ciated usually with newly cleared soil. 



Winter injury, evidenced by the death of the bark on one side of 

 the trunk and limbs, in the crotches, and often about the crown, is a 

 serious trouble on young trees throughout the state. It also occurs on 

 old trees and no doubt is often associated with the two troubles de- 

 scribed above. Much of the winter injury, according to Oskamp (32), 

 is due to the 1917-18 season. 



Frost injury to Ben Davis fruit in an orchard in Miami County pro- 

 duced conspicuous russet or buckskin blotches with lace-like margins 

 on about 50 per cent of the fruits and in many instances there was 

 extreme hypertrophy of the fruit tissue under this russetted area 

 causing a peculiar malformation of one side of the fruit. Character- 

 istic foliage injury was caused by the late frosts. Portions of the 

 lower epidermis and areas of the leaf blade were often killed outright 

 and the subsequent result was a crinkling, rolling and stunting of the 

 older leaves many of which turned yellow and dropped prematurely. 



There was considerable spray injury this season. Cullinan noted 

 Bordeaux spray injury to Grimes, Wagener, and Maiden Blush foliage 

 at LaFayette, which resulted in marked defoliation in .June soon after 

 the spray was applied. Marginal injury of the leaves as a result of 

 summer spraying with lime-sulphur was noted in Henry County in 

 July and arsenate injury to foliage, consisting of circular reddish brown 

 spots, was noted in Miami County. The Bordeaux blotch sprays caused 

 a marked injury to Ben Davis foliage in Clark County. 



Barley. — Loose smut (Utilago mida) was very common. Gregory 

 reported good control with hot water seed treatment in Blackford, Han- 

 cock, Henry and Jasper counties and also reported that in Carroll 

 County the Oderbrucken No. 8, an improved variety from Wisconsin, 

 showed resistance to loose smut. Jackson reported the occurrence of 

 covered smut (Ustilago hordei) on winter barley near Lafayette while 

 none was noted on spring barley. The same observer also noted stripe, 

 caused by Hebiiinthosporium gramineum, and spot blotch, caused by 

 H. sativum. Gregory noted the stripe severe in one field in Hancock 

 County. Mains noted a very little stem rust (Puccinia gniminis) near 

 Lafayette and reported the presence of a very small amount of leaf rust 

 (Puccinia simplex) in the state. 



Bean. — As usual, bacterial blight, caused by Pseudomonas pJiaseoli, 

 was the most serious disease of beans in the state, and was very preva- 

 lent in the Indianapolis market gardens. It was also noted at Plymouth 

 and Goshen and in a field in Tippecanoe County. Mains grew about 60 

 varieties of beans in parallel rows in an experimental garden at Lafay- 

 ette and bacterial blight occurred on all of these varieties including the 

 White Kidney. The variety, Bird-eye, escaped heavy infection. No 



