ee | 993 
spores. <A peculiarity was observed in the appendages of the perithecia 
borne on the leaves of the young oak. In many of the appendages were 
found swollen places resembling knee-like joints. These swellings were 
rather promiscuously arranged, haying neither a definite location nor 
humber on any appendage, which led to the opinion that the swellings 
were caused by some foreign growth. Closer observation. revealed a 
mycelium running lengthwise the appendages and enlarging at the swollen 
places. This mycelium was observed, in one case, leaving the appendage 
and growing free from the host. Another view gave a mycelial 
thread of this same parasite, which, having twined itself about 
the apices of two appendages, was evidently drawing them _ to- 
gether as if attempting to effect some way of reproducing itself, as is 
the custom of certain secondary parasites. This mycelium bore the same 
characteristic enlargements noted in the mycelium growing within the 
appendages. It acted and appeared, in many respects, like that parasite 
described and named Cincinobolus Cesatii by DeBary (‘‘Die Pilze,”’ p. 268), 
with this exception: He found this smaller parasite in the mycelium of 
mildews and not in the appendages of their perithecia. As it has been 
known to enter and develop its spores in the conidial chain, we may easily 
believe that it could make this further advance and take up its abode in 
the perithecia and their appendages. Granting that this secondary para- 
site may possibly be C. Cesatii, we have yet to dispose of the swellings 
borne on its mycelium. These swellings in no way resembled the repro- 
ductive organs of C. Cesatii figured and described by DeBary. They ap- 
pear as internal growths of some other plant. It has been questioned 
whether these swellings may not be bacteroid forms existing on a sec- 
ondary parasite of a primary parasite, thus giving the gradation of pri- 
mary, secondary and tertiary parasitism. If so, it is desirable to allow 
the last two to remain in their epiparasitic habits and thus, as suggested 
by a German botanist (Thiimen, “Pilze des Weinstocks,” p. 178), they may 
exercise a restraining influence upon the first; and doubtless Cincinobolus 
does prevent the mildew from attaining its usual vigorous hold on the 
host plant. C. Cesatii has been found in the mycelium of some Hrysiphe 
and Podospheera species, but never, so far as could be learned, has it been 
found in an appendage nor in any part of a Microspheera species, unless 
this be such a case. 
Microspheera densissima C. and P. 
