COCCIDAE OF OHIO. 6d 
ASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS Comstock. 
Figs. 4, 75. 
A, perniciosus Comst., Rep. U. 8S. Dep. Ag., 1880, p. 304 (1881). 
A, perniciosus Howard, Yearbook U. S. Dep. Ag., p. 267 (1894). 
A. perniciosus Webster, Bull. 56, Ohio Exp. Sta. (1895). 
A. perniciosus Webster, Bull. 72, Ohio Exp. Sta., p. 211 (1896). 
A. perniciosus Felt, Bull. 46, N. Y. St. Mus., pp. 304, 349 (1901). 
Scale of female: Circular, slightly convex, 1—2 mm. in diam., 
gray or dark-gray except the prominent, covered, pale or reddish- 
yellow exuviae. The exuviae are nipple-like with a shallow, depressed 
ring about them, which is quite characteristic of this species. 
Scale of male: Is black in color, rather convex with the nipple- 
like prominence and depressed ring still more noticeable than in the 
female. Usually more numerous than the female scales. 
Female: Two pairs of lobes well-developed. Median prominent. 
rounded at the apex, notched on the outer margin near the middle, 
though somewhat variable, and converging. The thickened inner 
margins of the median lobes extends anteriorly encircling the anal 
orifice in a characteristic manner. The second lobes are smaller and 
narrower, though distinct, quite close to the median, notched on the 
outer margin, pointed and converging. Between the median lobes, 
and bounding each incision of the segment, are club-shaped, chitinous 
processes; the inner usually the larger. There are two inconspicuous 
plates between the median lobes, two caudad of first incision, and 
three small, laterally serrate ones, caudad of second incision. Often 
laterad of second incision are wide, furcated extensions of the margin 
of the segment. The spines of the ventral surface are situated laterad 
of the corresponding dorsal spines at the bases of the first and second 
lobes; the third pair laterad of second incision; the fourth pair at 
one-half of distance to penultimate segment. Groups of circumgenital 
gland-orifices are absent. Rows of dorsal pores are not prominent, 
though variable. 
Remarks: The San Jose Seale is perhaps the most insid- 
ious of our noxious insects. Its apparent damage is not so great 
as are the ravages of the Colorado Potato-beetle, Army Worm, 
Chinch Bug and the Hessian Fly, but frequently a valuable fruit 
tree becomes so completely encrusted with hundreds of thousands 
of the seales, and the vitality is so diminished that it begins to 
wither and die; and then, and often not until then, is the cause 
discovered. In such a case what would be the proper course to 
follow? The axe and a hot fire would be the proper thing in 
such a ease. However, if a tree is only partially infested or the 
