BATRACHIANS AND REPTILES OF OHIO. MOGs 
1. Thoracic region capable of expansion by virtue of the 
fact that the cartilage connecting the two clavicles and coracoids 
in the median line is double, the two parts sliding on each 
other.—ARCIFERA. 
2. Thorax not capable of expansion because the cartilage 
is single and immovable.—FIRMISTERNIA. 
The Arcifera embraces the tree-toads and toads; the Airmz- 
sternia, the frogs. 
Tribe; ARCIFERA. 
family : BUFONIDAE. 
Bufo lentiginosus americanus (Le C.). Brownish to olive, vertebral 
line yellowish. Adults with skin covered with warts of varying size. Head 
4% times in total length of body. Below yellowish. Bony ridges above and 
behind eye; eye small. Length 3% inches. 
This is the common toad in Ohio. It is extremely variable, 
both in point of structure and color. At Cedar Point, Sandusky, 
Ohio, the majority of the toads found are light grey in color, 
whereas on the mainland around Sandusky, where a more humid 
condition obtains, a dark brown color is prevalent among the 
toads. A reddish hue is sometimes met with in the toads on the 
bleak hills in southern and south-eastern Ohio. Thus at Nelson- 
ville the writer obtained several brick-red specimens. In each 
case the color must have been assumed after the adult condition 
had been reached since the young were of a uniform brownish or 
olive color. The specimen labeled Bujo lentiginosus lentiginosus 
Shaw, in the O. S. U. Zoological Museum from Columbus and 
Knox Co., is referable to the sub-species americanus. (Morse, 
‘or, May.) 
Toads lay their eggs as soon as the warmer weather of spring 
begins. The eggs are laid in strings which are wrapped around 
water weeds and debris in general in small running streams. The 
eggs are smaller than those of the frogs, the latter being laid in 
mulberry-like masses, by which the two may be distinguished 
Wilcox (’91) records a specimen taken on November 29th, 
while another was captured January 1oth. ‘These are extreme 
dates as toads generally appear for the first time about April rst, 
and begin to hibernate in October. 
