160 OHIO STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
typical moisture-loving shrubs, forming at some places an almost 
impassable hedge. At the north-west where the small ditch 
opens into the lake the shrubs have invaded the water, Salix 
sericea Marsh. and S. lucida Muhl. advancing farthest. 
The most characteristic plants are a number of species of 
Salix, Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Cornus stolonifera Mx. and 
Rosa carolina L. The complete list of shrubs found numbers 
fifteen species and two forms, as follows : 
Salix discolor Muhl. Rosa carolina L. 
“sericea Marsh. Solanum dulecamara L,. 
** cordata Muhl. Cornus stolonifera Mx. 
““ cordata augustata (Pursh.) And. “amomum Mill. 
‘« sericea x cordata. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. 
‘« lucida Muhl. Viburnum opulus L,. 
‘* nigra Marsh. es lentago L. 
‘* amygdaloides And. Sambucus canadensis L. 
Ribes cynosbati L. 
Several of these develop into large trees, but none had 
advanced beyond the shrub stage, either on account of age or 
other causes. Because of the great density of the shrub thicket 
very few herbs gain a footing in this zone except in the more 
open places. The following sixteen species were collected : 
Spathyema foetida (I,.) Raf. Naumbergia thyrsiflora (1,.) Duby. 
Polygonum persicaria L. Asclepias incarnata L,. 
Caltha palustris L. Blephilia hirsuta (Ph.) Torr. 
Ranunculus abortivus L, Mentha canadensis L. 
Geum canadense Jacq. Monarda fistulosa L,. 
Cassia marylandica I. Veronica peregrina L. 
Lathyrus palustris L. Campanula americana L. 
Viola obliqua Hill. Rudbeckia speciosa Wend. 
7. ForEST Zone. The inner part of the forest zone is 
hydrophytic or semi-hydrophytic. It is typically an Acer-Ulmus- 
Fraxinus-Salix zone. ‘The soil is largely made up of vegetable 
and shell humus, in which, besides the tree growth, are found 
large numbers of semi-hydrophytic and mesophytic shrubs and 
herbs. On the east and west sides there is only a narrow fringe 
of forest left, the hillsides having been entirely denuded of their 
former mesophytic forest. On the north and south ends there 
are still rather wide strips of hydrophytic forest, but beyona these 
the forests have also been destroyed so that it is impossible at 
