194 Ou1o STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
now and find pasture and places to lie down, though they had to: 
wade through perhaps a foot of water near the hard ground from 
which they started, where the water was deeper than farther out. 
WHAT THE WATER HAS COVERED. 
SUBMERGED HuMAN REMAINS. 
Squaw Island at the present mouth of Sandusky River rises. 
two feet or a little more above mean lake level. The soil is 
sandy and probably alluvial. Graves have been found in all 
parts of the island including parts washed away in recent years. 
In some of these the bones were below the present water level. 
On August 27, 1904, I visited this island with John Fitzgerald, 
keeper of the Winous Point Club House, who had often found 
bones there. A cottonwood fifteen inches 1n diameter whose 
roots had been loosened by the high water had fallen on the 
land the year before, and had earth still clinging to its upturned 
roots. Imbedded in this earth I found a molar, a rib and two 
cervical vertebra, all human, also fragments of Indian pottery. 
All of these must have been beneath the water, probably a foot. 
or more below the level of August, 1904. A few yards from this 
cottonwood another had fallen from the same cause and lay 
parallel to the first, its diameter about thirty inches. In the 
earth brought up by its roots Mr. Fitzgerald had seen human leg 
bones, which before the tree was uprooted must have been below 
the water a foot or so. That these graves on Squaw Island are 
not very ancient may be inferred from the fact that in one of 
them was found a silver gorget on which is engraved the lily of 
France. This is now owned by Charles Sadler of Sandusky. 
The early French settlers about the head of the bay used to 
bury their dead on Eagle Island, which at the time was probably 
part of the mainland. Some thirty years ago the graves had 
been washed out and skulls still sound and other bones in great 
numbers lay on the beach. 
Graveyard Island where the “‘French”’ or “ British in 1812’” 
buried their dead has been almost if not completely submerged 
at times of very high water. 
On the north shore of the bay east of Hartshorn’s dock, on 
land owned by Mary Cook, a grave was found in 1903 close to 
shore. There was a tradition among the old residents of the 
peninsula that at this point an Indian burying ground had once 
extended out where the bay is now. 
At the northeast corner of the city of Sandusky, near the 
ship yard, copper kettles and Indian trinkets were washed out 
by the high water of 1858. 
