SANDUSKY BAY AND CEDAR POINT 203 
spots farther north where the mud is deep, found when making 
lines of borings not designed to show the valley of this stream, 
were supposed to be due to it, but the connection was not found 
until a number of trials were made. From the Pennsylvania 
dock the valley extends nearly north. 
PipE CREEK. 
The tracing of the former course of Pipe Creek was not sat- 
isfactorily completed until parts of four winters were devoted 
to it. The first attempt, March 16, 1901, served to show that it 
was traceable, but the work could not be carried far because of 
the weakening of the ice which in the warm sun thawed rapidly 
that day—more rapidly than in the open bay where the water 
under it 1s deeper and consequently not warmed so fast. In the 
following winter many borings were made between Pipe Creek 
and Cedar Point and the valley appeared to reach the Point near 
the west line of Huron township. When, however, the borings 
were platted as well as the poor maps would permit it seemed 
probable that the deep muck near the west line of Huron Town- 
ship was due to the former confluence there of two small streams 
not shown on the maps, though they may be seen by one walk- 
ing along the L. S. & M.S. R. R. east of Pipe Creek. They 
must have broadened and deepened as they went on through 
what is now marsh. Deep muck found near the Carrying 
Ground was assumed to be in the submerged valley of Pipe 
Creek. The next winter we were disappointed in finding the 
ice unsafe east of Pipe Creek, but in December, 1903, we traced 
the valley without any difficulty from the present mouth of the 
creek to the Carrying Ground and later in the winter under the 
Carrying Ground and out into the lake. 
VALLEYS UNDER THE MarsH. 
Some long lines of borings in the marsh east of Pipe Creek 
together with some shorter ones near the mouths of the streams 
served to show quite well the buried valley of Guston Inlet and 
less fully that of Plum Brook and a small stream entering the 
marsh beyond the West Huron Club House. All these valleys 
are filled with muck that is easily penetrated by the auger. 
Mingled with the organic matter is alluvium brought by the 
streams in time of flood and in the vicinity of Cedar Point a 
small amount of sand, some of it no doubt having been blown 
over the ice in winter. 
