220 Ouro State ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
till some time in the summer but was closed again in the fall and 
reopened a year or two later. The sand point projecting into 
the bay at the west line of Huron Township is supposed to have 
been formed by sand washed through an opening. In the bay 
near this point the muck extends to a depth of twenty feet. <A 
few centuries ago two small streams united a short distance to 
the southwest of this point as shown by borings in the marsh. 
The valley of the united streams passes under the bar at this 
point. (See Map V.) In the bay near by is sand overlying the 
muck and probably brought in through the opening. Jacob 
Lay remembers the opening of 1876 or ’78 as being near this 
place, but others say it was farther northwest. 
Since 1878 I think there has been no opening through the 
bar except at the mouth of Sawmill Creek near Rye Beach 
which in time of flood sometimes forms an outlet into the lake 
which soon becomes choked with sand like the mouths of all the 
small streams entering the lake and, it is said, even the mouth 
of the Huron River in the early part of the 19th century. 
The Carrying Ground, as it is generally known in Sandusky, 
is at the northwest extremity of the bar. The Indians and later 
the white fishermen used this as a portage, for it is narrow and 
low and conveniently located for reaching from the lake either 
Sandusky or the mouth of Pipe Creek. Prior to 1875 whenever 
the wind was not fair for sailing around Cedar Point, the fish 
which were often caught in the lake in large quantities were car- 
ried across here and much labor and trouble saved thereby. At 
that time the pound boats were smaller than now and not so 
well adapted to beating around the point. Until about three 
centuries ago Pipe Creek had its outlet here. 
DUNE SECTION OF CEDAR POINT. 
This part of Cedar Point extends from the Carrying Ground 
to the head of Biemiller’s Cove, a distance of two miles. Its 
topographic features are to be shown on a revised edition of the 
Sandusky sheet published by the U. S. Geological survey. 
Underlying it the clay, deposited when a glacial lake still covered 
the whole region, has its upper surface but little below the pres- 
ent water level. Here there has been land ever since the dis- 
appearance of that ancient lake, known as Lake Warren, caused 
by the retreat of the glacier. Until less than three centuries 
ago this land was connected with Sandusky by a strip of land 
lying north of Pipe Creek as shown by borings. (See Map V.) 
It is not, like the bar, a mere wave built formation. Its breadth 
