SANDUSKY BAY AND CEDAR POINT 229, 
in some of them the reverse is true. If the stump has a large 
hollow, estimates of its age are probably not very close. If the 
hollow is larger than in other stumps of similar size growing near, 
it is perhaps an indication not of greater age but of more rapid 
growth. If the stump is on low ground I think it is more likely 
to be hollow and Bartelle Reinheimer who has assisted in count- 
the rings has observed that stumps on low ground average fewer 
rings to the inch than those on higher ground. Doubtless the 
character of the wood and the abundant moisture both con- 
tribute to hasten decay. Many of the medium sized stumps are 
still nearly sound. For the first four inches from the center the 
number of rings averages about 13 or 14 to the inch and for the 
next four inches about 17 to the inch. Near the outside of one 
large stump 59 rings were counted in a single inch. 
O_Lp RIDGEs. 
Ridge 5 back of the new hotel rises 13 feet above the lake, 
being higher than any of the ridges farther west. The theater, 
main pavilion and several other buildings stand upon it. Toward 
the northwest it diverges from Ridge 6 (1) giving room for a 
swamp containing a small pond. Although low in this part it is 
distinctly traceable to the vicinity of the lighthouse. Upon it is 
the rankest growth of poison ivy and other vines and an abund- 
ance of scouring rush and False Solomon’s-seal. The cotton- 
woods have attained to old age and many other trees have 
grown to considerable size—black oak, white pine and basswood, 
more than 5 feet in circumference, white ash, red elm, sycamore 
and willow (Salix amygdaloides) more than 3 feet. Several of 
the cottonwoods exceed 8 feet in circumference. One measuring 
111 inches was broken off probably by the wind, not less than 18 
years ago according to Chas. Baetz. Where broken it is rotten 
but by chopping to the center of it 15 feet from the roots we were 
able to count about 141 rings. Allowing 10 years for the first 
15 feet of growth we conclude that this tree started about 170 . 
years ago. A few other cottonwoods are larger and were likely 
larger when this ceased growing. The living cedars on this ridge 
do not exceed ten inches in diameter but there are a few stumps 
a foot in diameter. On one of these 85 rings were counted. 
Another a little larger was not in such condition that the rings 
could be counted. It was probably but little older. Adding 90 
to the number of rings counted for reasons given in a preceding 
paragraph we conclude from this cedar stump that Ridge 5 is 
not muchdess than 175 years old. It is likely older but probably 
not 200 years. We will take 180 years as its approximate age. 
