230 Outo StTaTE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 
Ridge 4 is not very distinct from Ridge 3 toward either end 
but throughout the remainder of its length well defined, though 
rising only four or five feet above the valley on either side and 
only about four rods wide. It may be easily found by going west 
from the new hotel, “The Breakers,’’ across Ridge 5, which is 
much higher. Its cedar stumps are but little larger and older 
than. those on ridge 5. I estimate its age as 220 years. 
Ridge 3 is ten or twelve rods broad and has an undulating 
surface. The power house and a number of other buildings 
stand upon its southern portion. In places it looks as if formed 
of two parallel ridges so close together as to be distinguished 
with difficulty. It has a rich vegetation—herbs of great variety 
and large trees of many kinds. It has ten cedar stumps 20 
inches or more in diameter, three or four of them being about 
two feet. The age of the older ones has been estimated at 163, 
165, 194, and two, less carefully determined, about 210 years 
each. Ridge 3 is probably about 310 years old. 
Ridge 2 is situated between the two lagoons. It has large 
trees of various kinds, including black cherry which would not 
start until the soil had become enriched. It has many cedar 
stumps about 20 inches in diameter and two that exceed two 
feet. ‘ On one of these 26 x 27 inches, I counted 189 rings in the 
outer ten inches. Nearer the center of growth indicated by a 
knot, most of the wood has disappeared but some chips showed 
8-16 rings to the inch. Allowing 13 rings to the inch the remain- 
ing 4 inches would add 52 rings, the sap wood 15, making a 
total of 256. On account of its size and location it was probably 
among the earlier cedars to be cut. Adding 65 years for this 
and 40 for time elapsing after formation of ridge before this tree 
started we have a minimum age for Ridge 2 of 361 years, but it is 
older than that. Ridge 2A, low and narrow, lies to the north- 
east of Ridge 2 and terminates about one-sixth of a mile from 
the cement walk. It has two stumps larger than any on ridge 
2. One of them, 37 x 37 inches is probably the oldest stump on 
Cedar Point. When discovered, Oct. 22, 1904, I estimated the 
age as about 300 years. Feb. 19, 1905, I visited it again and 
made a more careful estimate. I found about 80 rings in the 
outer 31% inches, the remaining portion being too much decayed 
to admit of counting many consecutive rings. The average of 
four fragments taken from different parts of the decayed portion 
was 134% rings to the inch. This with 15 years for sap wood 
gives an age of 297 years. Ridge 2A, therefore, cannot be much 
less than four hundred years old, and as it was formed after 
Ridge 2, we will call the age of Ridge 2 four hundred _ years. 
Ridge 1, on which the “White House”’ is located has many 
