THE WILLOWS OF OHIO. 281 
nate catkins borne with the leaves; easily recognizable by their 
large diameter and fine appearance; scales large, conspicuous, cre- 
nate or dentate, stamens mostly 3—5, filaments pubescent at the 
base. Carpellate catkins also large, dense, 5-8 cm. long in fruit, 
long persistent, scales obovate, slightly pubescent, pedicel near- 
ly half as long as the capsule, stigmas large thick, deeply notched, 
style short, capsule narrowly cylindric, about 6 mm. long. 
Salix lucida is a northern plant occuring in the northern 
third of the state but not extending to Columbus. 
Salix lucida hybridises with Salix alba and S. fragilis and 
when all three come together in one plant it creates very great 
confusion in a group already very difficult to handle. Though 
hybrids are mostly individual cases and irreducible to any general 
type, it may be said that hybrids between S. /ucida and one of the 
fragiles are likely to have some of the following characteristics. 
Nearly always the leaves are dull instead of glossy, sometimes 
they are pubescent like S. alba. They are likely to retain some- 
what of the prominently glandular character of S. lucida. Though 
they may be almost typical of one of the other species in other 
respects, they are almost certain to have the large reddish brown 
winter buds of S. lucida. The stamens are oftenest two but the 
catkins are likely to be short and thick as in S. /ucida and dentate 
scales are frequent. 
Salix pentandra L. f#uropean Shining Willow. 
Salix pentandra, the European species corresponding to cur 
Salix lucida, has been detected as an escape in two places in the 
state.* It is not infrequently cultivated asa basket willow and 
may be met with anywhere in cultivation. 
It is most difficult to distinguich frcm S. /ucida and in scme 
forms of the native species they cannct be told apart with cer- 
tainty. Salix pentandra, however, never has the long attenuate 
leaf tips common in S. lucida, not even on watershoots. Its 
leaves are rather thinner and not quite so glossy as those of S. 
lucida. It dces not grow so rank and does not succeed well in 
this climate. The osier growers around Columbus complain that 
it winter-kills. 
I should not advise a beginner in Salicology to try to dis- 
tinguish the two forms in the range cf Salix lucida but any form 
outside the range, with the less acuminate leaves of S. pentandra, 
may be suspected. 
* See O. Nat. 4:12—Nov. 1903. 
Plate III. Salix lucida. 
Large leaf from rank growth; smaller pair from ordinary twigs; the 
short, broad, blunt one from the base of a branch; fiowers and fruit typical; 
natural size; capsule enlarged three times. 
