Mr. H. T. CoLBBRooKE on the Philosophy of the Hindus. 99 



2d. uterine or viviparous ; 3cL oviparous ; Ith. engendered in filth ; 5th. 

 vegetative or germinating.* 



S. Next, among objects of proof, are the organs of sensation. An organ 

 of sense is defined as an instrument of knowledge : conjoined to the body, 

 and imperceptible to the senses.t 



There are five external organs : smell, taste, sight, touch, and hearing. 

 They are not modifications of consciousness (as the Sdnc'hyas maintain), 

 but material, constituted of the elements, earth, water, light, air, and ether, 

 respectively.;): 



The pupil of the eye is not the organ of sight (as the Baudd'has affirm) ; 

 nor is the outer ear, or opening of the auditory passage, the organ of hear- 

 ing : but a ray of Hght, proceeding from the pupil of the eye towards the 

 object viewed, is tiie visual organ ; and ether, contained in the cavity of the 

 ear, and communicating by intermediate ether with the object heard, is the 

 organ of hearing. That ray of light is not ordinarily visible : just as the 

 effulgence of a torch is unseen in meridian sunshine. But, under particular 

 circumstances, a glimpse of the visual ray is obtained. For instance, in the 

 dark, the eye of a cat or other animal prowling at night 



The organ of vision then is lucid ; and in like manner, the organ of hear- 

 ing is etherial ; and that of taste, aqueous (as saliva) ; and of feeling, 

 aerial ; and of smelling, eartlily. 



The site of the visual organ is the pupil of the eye ; of the auditory or- 

 gan, the orifice of the ear ; of the olfactory organ, the nostril or tip of the 

 nose; of the taste, the tip of the tongue ; of the feeling, the skin. 



Objects, appreiiended by the senses, are oiloin, flavour, colour, touch (or 

 temperature), and sound : which are qualities appertaining to earth, water, 

 hgiu, air, and ether.§ 



Tlie existence of organs of sense is i)roved by inference, from the fact 

 of the apprehension of those objects : for apprehension implies an instru- 

 ment to effect it, since it is an act, in like manner as the act of cutting 

 implies an instrument, as an axe, or a knife. 



The organs are six, including an internal organ, termeil manas, or mind : 

 not five only, as the followers of Buuu'iia maintain, disallowing an internal 



• Pad. Dip. and Madh. on Cfs. f Tare. Dhdsh. 



X G(,t. I. 1. 3. 4—5 and 3. 1. 7 and 8. 

 i act. 1. 1. 3. 6. 



O 2 



