Mr. H. T. CoLEBROOKE on the Fhihsophy of the Hindus. 101 



Under this head, Cesava places the categories (paddrt'ha) of Canade : 

 which are six ; substance, quality, &c. 



I. Substance is the intimate cause of an aggregate effect or product : it 

 is the site of qualities and of action ; or that, in which qualities abide ; and 

 in which action takes place.* 



Nine are enumerated ; and no more are recognised. Darkness has been 

 alleged by some philosophers ; but it is no substance ; nor is body a distinct 

 one ; nor gold, which the Mimdnsacas affirm to be a peculiar substance. 



Those specified by Canade are, 



1. Earth, which, besides qualities common to most substances (as number, 

 quantity, individuality, conjunction, disjunction, priority, posteriority, gra- 

 vity, fluidity, and faculty of velocity and of elasticity ;) has colour, savour, 

 odour, and feel, or temperature. Its distinguishing quality is smell : and it 

 is succinctly defined as a substance odorous.t In some instances, as in 

 gems, the smell is latent : but it becomes manifest by calcination. 



It is eternal, as atoms ; or transient, as aggregates. In eithei", those 

 characteristic qualities are transitory, and are maturative, as affected by 

 light and heat : for by union with it, whether latent or manifest, former 

 colour, taste, smell, and temperature are in earth of any sort annulled, and 

 other colour, &c. introduced. 



Aggregates or products are either organised bodies, or organs of percep- 

 tion, or unorganic masses. 



Organised earthly bodies are of five sorts [see body"!. The organ of 

 smell is terreous. Unorganic masses are stones, lumps of clay, &c. The 

 union of integrant parts is hard, soft, or cumulative, as stones, flowers, 

 cotton, &c. 



2. Water, which has the qualities of earth ; excepting smell, and witli the 

 addition of viscidity. Odour, when observable in water, is adscititious, 

 arising from mixture of earthy particles. 



The distinguishing quality of water is coolness. It is accordingly defined 

 as a substance cool to the feel. 



It is eternal as atoms ; transient as aggregates. The qualities of the first 

 are constant likewise ; those of the latter inconstant. 



* Can. 1. 1. 4. 1. Ccs. and Com. Pad. Dip. 

 t Can. 2. 1. 1. 1. 



