112 Mr. H. T. CoLEBROOKE on the Philosophy of the Hitidus. 



forward ; to spread horizontally ; and, fifthly, to go : including many va- 

 rieties under the last comprehensive head. 



IV. Community {sdmdnya), or the condition of equal or like things, is 

 the cause of the perception of conformity. It is eternal, single, concern- 

 ing more than one thing, being a property common to several. It abides 

 in substance, in quality, and in action. 



Two degrees of it are distinguished : the highest, concerning numerous 

 objects ; the lowest, concerning few. The first is existence, a common 

 property of all. The latter, is the abstraction of an individual, varying 

 with age, in dimensions, yet continuing identical. A third, or interme- 

 diate degree, is distinguished, comprehended in the first, and including the 

 latter. These three degrees of community correspond nearly with genus, 

 species, and individual. 



In another view, community is two fold : viz. genus {jdti) and discrimi- 

 native property (upddhi), or species. 



The Baudd'has are cited as denying this category, and maintaining that 

 individuals only have existence ; and that abstraction is false and deceptive. 

 This, as well as other controverted points, will be further noticed at a 

 future opportunity. 



V. Difference (lisesha), or particularity, is the cause of perception of 

 exclusion. It affects a particular and single object, which is devoid of 

 community. It abides in eternal substances. Such substances are mind, 

 soul, time, place -, and the etherial element ; and the atoms of earth, water, 

 light, and air. 



VI. The sixth and last of C.\nade's categories is aggregation {samavdyd), 

 or peipetual intimate relation. It has been already briefly noticed. 



VII. To the six affirmative categories of Canade, succeeding writers 

 add a seventh, which is negative. 



Negation or privation {abhava) is of two sorts ; universal and mutual. 

 Universal negation comprehends three species, antecedent, emergent, and 

 absolute. 



Antecedent privation (jn-dgabhdva) is present negation of that, which, at 

 a future time, will be. It is negation in the material cause, previous to the 



