Mr, H. T. CoLEBROOKE on the Philosophy of the Hindus. 113 



production of an effect; as, in yarn, prior to the fabrication of cloth, there 

 is antecedent privation of the piece of cloth which is to be woven. It is 

 without beginning, for it has not been produced ; and has an end, for it 

 wil) be terminated by the production of the effect. 



Emergent privation is destruction {dhwansa), or cessation, of an effect. 

 It is negation in the cause, subsequent to the production of the effect : as, 

 in a broken jar (smashed by the blow of a mallet) the negation of jar in the 

 heap of potsherds. It has a commencement, but no end ; for the destruc- 

 tion of the effect cannot be undone. 



Absolute negation extends through all times, past, present, and future. 

 It has neither beginning nor end. For example, fire in a lake, colour in 

 air. 



Mutual privation is difference {bheda). It is reciprocal negation of 

 identity, essence, or respective peculiarity. 



5. To return to Gotama's arrangement. The fifth place, next after 

 objects of sense, is by him allotted to intelligence (budd'hi), apprehension, 

 knowledge, or conception ; defined as that which manifests, or makel 

 known, a matter. 



It is two-fold : notion, and remembrance. Notion (anubhava) includes 

 two sorts : right and wrong. Right notion (pramd) is such as is incontro- 

 vertible. It is derived from proof, and is consequently fourfold ; viz. from 

 perception ; or inference ; or comparison ; or revelation : for example : 

 1st. ajar perceived by undisordered organs; 2d. fire inferred from smoke ; 

 3d. a gayal * recognised from its resemblance to a cow; 4th. celestial hap- 

 piness attainable through sacrifice, as inculcated by the Vedas. 



Wrong notion deviates from truth, and is not derived from proof It is 

 threefold: doubt; premises liable to reduction to absurdity; and error (for 

 example, mistaking mother-o'-pearl for silver). 



Remembrance {smarana), likewise, is either right or wrong. Both occur, 

 and right remembrance especially, while awake. But, in sleep, remem- 

 brance is wrong. 



6. The sixth place among objects of proof, is allotted to mind. It has 

 been already twice noticed; viz. among organs of sense, and again among 

 substances. 



7. Activity (pravrilli) is next in order. It is determination, the result 



• Bos gavaeus s. frontalis. As. Res. 8. 487. Linn. Trans. 



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