Mr. H. T. CoLEBROOKE on the Pliilosopliy of the Hindus. 115 



the same thing ; and is of three sorts, arising from common or from peculiar 

 qualities ; or merely from contradiction : discriminative marks being in all 

 three cases unnoticed. Thus an object is observed, concerning which it 

 becomes a question whether it be a man or a post : the limbs which would 

 betoken the man, or the crooked trunk which would distinguish the post, 

 being equally unperceived. Again, odour is a peculiar quality of earth : 

 it belongs not to eternal substances, as the etherial element ; nor to tran- 

 sient elements, as water : is then earth eternal or uneternal ? So, one affirms 

 that sound is eternal ; another denies that position ; and a third person 

 doubts. 



IV. Motive {prayyana) is that by which a person is actuated, or moved 

 to action. It is the desire of attaining pleasure, or of shunning pain ; or 

 the wish of exemption from both : for such is the purpose or impulse of 

 every one in a natural state of mind.* 



V. Instance (drishtdnta) is, in a controversy, a topic on which both dis- 

 putants consent. It is either concordant or discordant ; direct or inverse : 

 as the culinary hearth, for a direct instance of the argument of the presence 

 of fire betokened by smoke ; and a lake, for an inverse or corrtrary instance 

 of the argument, where the indicating vapour is mist or fog.t 



VI. Demonstrated truth (sidcl'hdnta) is of four sorts ; viz. universally 

 acknowledged ; partially so ; hypothetically ; argumentatively (or, e con- 

 cessu).t 



Thus, existence of substance, or of that to which properties appertain, ij 

 universally recognised ; though the abstract notion of it may not be so ; 

 for the Baudd'has deny abstraction. Mind is by the Naiydyicas considered 

 to be an organ of perception ; and so it is by the kindred sect of Vaiseshicas. 

 The eternity of sound is admitted in the Mimdnsd, and denied in the 

 Nydya. Supposing the creation of the earth to be proved, omniscience of 

 the creator follows. In Jaimini's disquisition on the eternity, or the tran- 

 sitoriness, of sound, it is said, granting sound to be a quality. 



» Cot. 1. 1. 4. 1-3. t Got. 1. 1. 5. 1—6. X Gut. 1. 1. 6. 1, &c. 



Q 2 



