164 Analytical Account of the Paticha Tantra. 



order. The adventures of the Jackall, who falls into the dyer's vat, are not 

 given in the Arabic version. Tliey are told in the HHopadesa, but in a 

 different section, that of Vigralia, or war. They are also copied in the 

 Bahar Danish. 



The next story of " The Lion with his three Ministers (the Tiger, Crow, 

 and Jackall), and the Camel," whom they ensnare and destroy, holds the 

 same place in the Panclia Tantra, and Kalila Damana. It is briefly told 

 in the Hitdpadesa, but in the Sand'hi section, or Chapter on Peace. 



The ensuing story of the Tiltibha occurs in all the three works, in the 

 same place ; but there is a great difference in its internal arrangements. In 

 the Hitdpadesa, it includes no other apologue whatever; in \1\g Kalila Damana, 

 only one, " The Tortoise and the Geese ;" in the Pancha Tantra, it compre- 

 hends five: " The Tortoise and the Geese;" "The three Fishes ;" "The 

 Elephant, destroyed by the Sparrow, the Woodpecker, the Fly, and the 

 Frog;" "The Swan, creeping Plant, and Fowler;" and " The Ram killed by 

 the Lion." In the Kalila Damana, the first, as observed, occurs in the same 

 place, the second somewhat earlier, and the other three are omitted.* 



In the Hitdpadesa, the two first occur in tlie fourth section ; the other 

 three are wanting. 



The story of the Titlihha, or Titaxve, is one of the decisive proofs of the 

 Indian origin of these fables. The personified ocean, or I'aruna, and Garuda, 

 the bird of Vishnu, are inadequately represented by the I'akil al Behr anil 

 the Anka, the king and lord of the feathered race. But the name of the 

 bird is alone sufficient. The Titaxve, although it is found in the Arabic 

 lexicons, and is said to be a species of the Kdtd,\ has very little appearance 

 of an Arabic term ; nor can it be resolved to any satisfactory root. It is, 

 therefore, probably only a transcript of the Sanscrit Tittibha, Bengali 

 Tittibh, and Hindi Tit'hiri : the names, throughout India, for a kind of Sand- 



* They appear to have been wanting in Mr. Sotheby's copy of the Pancha Tantra — H.T.C. 



t The Kata is described as a bird frequenting watery places. Golius and Meninski explain 

 (Uai) ATo/a, avis columbffi similis niagnitudine et forma, qua; gregatim volat ; et e longinquo aquam 

 petere novit, voceni, katta, edens, unde ilH nomen. There are said also to be two kinds, one much 

 larger than the other. Burckhardt, in his Travels in Syria, calls the Katta a species of partridge, 

 and mentions their being met with in the mountains of Belba, Kerek, Djebel, and Thera, in such 

 flocks, that the Arab boys often kill two or three at a time, by throwing a stick at them. The 

 Tittibha is encountered in numerous flocks, but is in size unlike either a pigeon or a partridge, and 

 is a very different bird. 



