Analytical Account of the Pancha Tantra. l65 



piper,* very mimorous on the sandy banks and shores of rivers. The 

 strutting gait of this bird is supposed, universally, to indicate his inordinate 

 conceit ; and thence the appropriate selection of him, in the story, as de- 

 fying the sea. This characteristic is so commonly attributed to the Tittiblia, 

 that it is proverbially said to sleep on its back, with its legs upwards, to 

 prevent the sky from falling. 



This section of the HitopacUsa, or Mitra Bheda, contains no more apo- 

 logues, but follows that of The Birds and Sea, with the engagement 

 between the Lion and the Bull, and the death of the latter. In tiie Pancha 

 Tantra, the Kalila Damana, and Vrihat Kat'hd, the Jackalls converse to- 

 gether, during the contest, and narrate several stories. The first, in the for- 

 mer work, is that of the Lion tricked out of the Camel's flesh by the Jackall, 

 which is not related in any of the rest, being very like that of The Lion, 

 his Ministers, and the Camel, noticed above. 



A small cluster of stories occurs in the Pancha Tantra, which are all 

 omitted in the other works. They are peculiarly Hindu ; and, as novelties 

 affording some relief to the dry detail hitherto pursued, we shall translate 

 them. 



" YnAifod'hyd, the capital of Kdsald,f reigned a monarch of great splendour 

 and power, named Purushottama. On one occasion, the Governor of the 

 Forests came and announced to him, that the woodland chiefs were all in 

 a state of rebellion, instigated and headed by Vindhyaka, the Raja of the 

 VindhijaX hills. The king sent his chief minister Balabhadra, to quell the 

 rebels. 



" When Balabhadra was gone, there came to the capital, at the close of 

 the rains, a Sramanaka,^ or mendicant of the Baudd'ha religion, who, by 

 his skill in divination, his knowledge of hours, omens, aspects, and as- 

 censions, his dexterity in solving numbers, answering questions, and detect- 



* The Talihrd or Tatihri (Sansc. TUtibha) is a Jacana, the Parra Goensis of Gmelin, orTringa 

 Goensis of Latham. See Am. Diet. p. 125, and Hunter's Hind. Diet. 1. 514 H.T.C. 



f The province of Oude and its capital, the modern Faizabad, is usually identified with the 

 ancient eity, in popular belief. 



\ The authority of the Kos'alu monarch appears to have extended much beyond the limits of 

 the modern province of Oude : an inscription found at Rutnapur in the ChatU-ghar district, dated 

 Snlivuhnna 781, or A.D. 859, states that province to be dependent upon the sovereign of Kos'ald. 



$ From subsequent passages, however, it appears that the usual confusion of Baudd'lia and Jaina 

 occurs in the Pancha Tantra ; and that, in fact, the latter alone is intended, whichever be named. 



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