172 Analytical Account of the Pancha Tantra. 



the stories of the Antelope and the Jackall ; and the Crow, the Cat, and 

 the Vulture. Afterwards, the several works proceed in a similar manner, to 

 the visit of the Rat and the Crow, to Mant'hara, the Tortoise ; to whom, 

 and the Crow, Hiranyaka, the Rat, related his adventures. 



The commencement of this story is the same in all, but the Arabic 

 version here is singularly close. The Hitupadcsa alone inserts the story of 

 the young wife, who took her husband by the hair, and embraced iiim, to 

 favour the retreat of her lover ; a story well known in Europe, from its 

 version by Marguerite of Navarre, in her " Stratageme d'une femme qui 

 fit evader son galani, lorsque son mari, qui ctoit borgne, croyoit le sur- 

 prendre avec elle," and she borrowed it from the first story of the Mau- 

 vaise Femme. It was made a similar use of by the Sieur D'Orville, Males- 

 pini, Bandello, and other raconteurs. In place of this, tlie original, and 

 the Kalila Damana have the story of the woman, who exchanged picked 

 for unpicked sesamum seeds, including that of the " Forester, Wild 

 Boar, and Jackall," which occurs a little farther on, in the Hitupadesa. A 

 long train of adventures, told of a merchant's son, follows this, in the Pancha 

 Tantra, only to shew that a man must obtain the wealth that is designed 

 for him by fate. The close of this story is followed by one, narrated by 

 Mant'hara, of So'millaka, a weaver, who is taught by some Spirits, that 

 wealth is to be enjoyed, not hoarded ; and this includes a story of the 

 " Bull and tlie Jackalls," to inculcate the folly of absurd expectations. 

 These two last stories have, however, but little merit, and do not occur 

 in the Arabic, any more than in the H'ttopadesa. The latter story, with 

 some variations, has given rise to an idiomatic compound in the Bengali 

 language ; and Bohdndapratydxa, indulgence in unreasonable expectation, 

 comprises the pith of this story ; the Boka, or Vaka, a crane, being sub- 

 stituted for the Jackall of the original. A verse of interesting resemblance 

 follows the stories. Mant'hara says to the Rat, " Dismiss all anxiety re- 

 garding your lost wealth, as it is said, ' He, to whom the Swan owes her 

 white feathers, the Parrot his green hue, and the Peacock his variegated 

 plumage. He will provide me sustenance.' " 



The addition of the Antelope to the friendly society, occurs here, in the 

 same manner, in all. The story of " the Elephant, liberated from his bonds 

 by the Rat, of which we have a familiar version in the apologue of the 

 Rat and the Lion, next occurs in the Pancha Tantra. In its place, in the 



