Analytical Account of the Pancha Tantra. 173 



Hit6padesa, we have tlie double story of the Prince, the Banker's Son, 

 and his Wife, and of the Elephant and Jackall. There is none in the 

 Kalih. Damana. The three works conclude with the same incident, the 

 liberation of the Antelope from the hunter's snare, by the united efforts and 

 devices of the Tortoise, the Crow, and the Rat. 



This Tantra contains, in the original, eight stories. It is more amply 

 illustrated in the Hitopadesa, than in either of the other two works. 



SECTION THIRD. 



INVETERATE ENMITY, OR WAR BETWEEN CROWS AND OWLS. 



The third section of the Pancha Tantra, corresponds with the eighth 

 chapter of the Kalila Damana ,- and the third chapter of the Hitdpadesa. 

 In the last work, however, the belligerent powers are the peacocks and the 

 geese. The choice of the Pancha Tantra is the genuine one, no doubt ; not 

 only from the character of the work itself, but its connection with a parti- 

 cular grammatical rule. The Stilras of PAn'ini afford a precept for the use 

 of a particular affix, to form derivatives from compound terms, when enmity 

 is implied;* and this rule is exemplified by the form KdkdWcika, in which 

 kdka, a crow, and uluka, an owl, are compounded, to signify the natural 

 antipathy that subsists between these birds. Now as language precedes 

 grammar, this rule was invented to explain the purport of a word already 

 in use ; and as in all probability, this word expressed a popular notion of 

 great antiquity, its established currency influenced the author of the fables 

 to select the owl and the crow, for the purpose of his narrative. We can 

 scarcely suppose, that it was an accidental choice, which afterwards gave rise 

 to the popular expression, and the introduction of the compound term ; 

 and which, consequently, would make the Pancha Tantra take precedence 

 in date of the Sutras of PAn'ini. I may also add, that the substantive 

 term KAkblakika, whicli PAn'ini's affix {Bun) could form, appears very 

 rarely, if ever, in the Pancha Tantra. The form used by the author of 

 that work is more usually the attributive, KdkUukiya, which is formed by a 

 different affix (Ch'ha). 



* Ptiti.i.S. 125. 



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