Analytical Account of the Pancha Tantra. 1J5 



6 Sayyad'hydksha The superintendant of thebeds. 



7 Samvatsarika The astrologer, or time-keeper. 



8 Bhishak Physician. 



9 Jalavahaka The cup, or water-bearer. 



10 Tambulavihaka Tlie betel-bearer. 



11 Achdrya The preceptor. 



12 Anga-rakshaka The captain of the body guard. 



13 Sthina-chintaka Quartermaster. 



14 Ch'hatrddhdra The umbrella-bearer. 



15 Vildsini Female attendant and singer, &c.* 



Besides these, spies were a very efficient part of the ancient Hindu regime. 

 We have no particular enumeration of these, except its being observed, that 

 for what is going on amongst his own party, the king's best spies are the 

 physician, the astrologer, and the preceptor ; and that men, who exhibit 

 snakes and the like, are the best to observe the designs of the enemy. 



We have then the cause of the enmity between these feathered tribes, re- 

 ferred to the successful interference of a crow, in preventing the owl being 

 chosen king of the birds, narrated in a similar manner in the PaiKlia Tantra, 

 and the Arabic copy ; it is omitted in the Hitdpadesa. That work, however, 

 inserts two stories, those of the Birds and the Monkeys, and the Ass 

 in a Tiger's skin, (the latter an apologue of very wide circulation) ; be- 

 fore the story, common to all three, of the Elephant and Hares, and 

 the Reflection of the Moon. 



The story of the Hare, the Sparrow, and the Cat, does not occur in 

 the Hitopadesa, although much of the description of the hypocritical piety 

 of the Cat is copied in the story of the Vulture and the Cat, in the first 

 section of that work. Some of the comments, however, are spared. It may 

 be observed, indeed, that a much more decisive vein of satire, levelled parti- 

 cularly at Princes and Devotees, runs through the Pancha Tantra, than 

 either the Kal'tla Damana, or Hitopadesa : thus the Hare observes, when he 

 sees the Cat away, as it is said, " Trust not in low persons, who exercise aus- 

 terities, for their own nefarious designs. Penitents are to be found at holy 

 shrines, whose only virtue is in their vaunts." 



The story of the Three Rogues, who persuade the Brahman that his 



• It is by no means certain, that all these names are rightly interpreted, or even rightly extracted 

 from the text; but the greater part do not admit of doubt. 



