Capt. Franklin's Memoir on Bmidelkhvnd. 279 



Buffaloes and oxen in this country, as in most parts of India, are the 

 chief domestic animals : the former are in request as beasts of burden, and 

 the latter for every purpose of husbandry. The best breed of oxen is in the 

 perganahs of Chandld-Bichdivaii. The sheep are small, but the goats are 

 superior ; the term Jumna-pdri (or across the Jumna), is applied to denote 

 their superiority. 



REMARKABLE BUILDINGS, RUINS, NATURAL CURIOSITIES. 



There are no very remarkable buildings now extant ; but there are several 

 ruins, which mark the site of buildings that must have been magnificent in 

 their time : for instance, at Mdhobd, at Cajrau near Rdjnagar, at Mdlhan 

 above the hills near Jodhpur {Yuddhapurd), at Sirswdghar near Sdlit/a on 

 the Pohdtrqj river, and in many other places. These vestiges, and the 

 numerous inscriptions which are to be found in many parts of the country, 

 have all a reference to its ancient history. 



Amongst the natural curiosities may be reckoned the subterraneous 

 cavern called Gopit-goddvali, near Chitracota; another cavern, called Biija 

 Ciind, in the hills near iJi/aaw ; the cataracts of i?eW/m/.-, ne&v Cali/aiigJiar ; 

 of the Paisuni river, near Jorai ; of the Bhdgi river, south ofCalinjer; and 

 of the Rdnj river, south of Ajayghar : but perhaps the greatest objects of 

 curiosity are the forts of Calinjer and Ajayghar. -^ 



INHABITANTS AND RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS. 



I shall conclude this paper with a short account of the inhabitants and 

 religious establishments, commencing witli that class, who, from the respect- 

 ability of their origin, are still considered as chiefs, and are seldom found in 

 a capacity inferior to that of a zemindar. Of these, 1st, some descendants 

 of tiie Yaduvansi Ahirs, who in very early times iiad possessions above the 

 hills, near Jodhpur and S/idhxvdgar, a few of whom are still to be found in 

 the country. 2d. The descendants of the CAa«f/e/a race. 3d. The lidgJiic 

 vansi tribe, of Baraundd, east of Calinjer, who still enjoy property and power, 

 'kh. The Bundela race, who are always in the capacity of chiefs, and who 

 never cultivate the soil. 5th. The Piidr tribe, who were originally expelled 



