346 Mr. H. T. Colebrooke's Remm-Jcs on the Setlej River. 



Sipon river, and that of the Pabar itself, visiting the confluence of these 

 rivers, the summit of the ridge which divides them, and the sources of 

 both rivers. 



The Himalayan glens for the most part run almost perpendicular to the 

 range, or from N.N.E. and N.E. to S.S.W. and S.W. The face exposed 

 to the N.W. is invariably rugged ; and the opposite one, facing the S.E., 

 is shelving. The roads to the most frequented passes lie upon tiie gentle 

 acclivity : the difference of the elevation of forest on either side is remark- 

 able. On the declivity towards the N.W., which, as before observed, is 

 the most abrupt, the trees rise several hundred feet higher than those upon 

 the opposite face, which has a more gentle slope; and in some instances, 

 the difference exceeds 1,000 feet. The general height of the forest on 

 the southern face of the Himalaya, is about 11,800 to 1^,000 feet above 

 the sea. Oaks and pines reach that elevation ; birches extend a few feet 

 higher. Descending from the pass of Banddjdn, the level of the highest 

 juniper was observed 13,300 feet. 



From Shearghal, at an elevation of 13,720 feet (which the travellers 

 reached by a very steep path, crossing several snow-beds, where it was neces- 

 sary to cut steps with a hatchet, and passing among gigantic oblong masses 

 of mica slate, disengaged from the impending crags), the prospect is very 

 extensive. Towards the plains appear the Cbur mountains, 12,000 feet (one 

 measured barometrically is 12,143 feet) ; to the S.E., snowy summits of im- 

 mense altitude, in the direction of Yamundvatdri, rising one above another in 

 majestic disorder, and presenting mountains of eternal snow ; and beyond 

 the source of the Pabar, one of the huge Raldang peaks, above 21,000 feet. 

 Across the Pabar, is the Chashil range, through which are several passes, 

 13,000 to 14,000 feet high. 



The travellers passed through Tangno, which gives name to a small 

 district, comprehending five villages. Abundance of thyme, strawberries, 

 nettles, tliistles, and other European plants, was noticed. The houses 

 are shaded by horse-chestnuts, walnuts, and apricots. The elevation of the 

 place is 8,800 feet. 



Unable to procure guides to the Sundru pass, Messrs. Gerard proceeded 

 to Janglig, a place already visited in 1820. Its height is 9,200 feet: the 

 highest habitation, 9,400 feet. 



The Yusu pass, at the head of the Sipon river, which is called Yiisu, in 

 its upper course, above Banddjdn, is 15,877 feet high. The dell, between 



