Mr. CoLEBROOKE OH the Philosophy of Indian Sectaries. 553 



This is discriminated from the two preceeding, as neither misdirection 

 nor right direction, but non-direction {aprawitli) of the organs towards 

 sensible objects. 



VI. Baddha is that which binds (Imlhndli) the embodied spirit. It is 

 confinement and connexion, or association, of the soul with deeds. "'It con- 

 sists in a succession of births and deaths as the result of works {carman). 



VII. Mbcsha is liberation ; or deliverance of the soul from the fetters 

 of works. It is the state of a soul in which knowledge and other requisites 

 are developed. 



Relieved from the bondage of deeds through means taught by holy 

 ordinances, it takes effect on the soul by the grace of the ever-perfect 

 Arhat or JiNA. 



Or liberation is continual ascent. The soul has a buoyancy or natural 

 tendency upwards, but is kept down by corporeal trammels. AVlien freed 

 from them, it rises to the region of the liberated. 



Long immersed in corporeal restraint, but released from it ; as a bird 

 let loose from a cage, plunging into water to wash off the dirt with which 

 it was stained, and drying its pinions in the sunshine, soars aloft ; so does 

 the soul, released from long confinement, soar high, never to return. 

 Liberation then is the condition of a soul clear of all impediments. 

 It is attained by right knowledge, doctrine and observances : and is a 

 result of the unrestrained operation of the soul's natural tendency, when 

 passions and every other obstacle are removed. 



Works or deeds, (for so the term carman signifies, though several among 

 those enumerated be neither acts nor the effect of action,) are reckoned 

 eight ; and are distributed into two classes, comprising four each : the first 

 ghAtin, mischievous, and asddhu, impure, as marring deliverance: the 

 second aghutin, harmless, or sddhu, pure, as opposing no obstacle to 

 liberation. 



L In the first set is : — 



1st. Jrnjdna varaniya, the erroneous notion that knowledge is ineffectual; 

 that liberation does not result from a perfect acquaintance with true prin- 

 ciples ; and that such science does not produce final deliverance. 



2d. Dar^ana varanhja, the error of believing that deliverance is not 

 attainable by study of the doctrine of the Arhats or Jinas. 



3d. Muhaniija, doubt and hesitation as to particular selection among the 

 many irresistible and infallible ways taught by the Tirfhancaras or Jinas. 

 Vol. I. 4 C 



