Mr. CoLEBRooKE OH the Philosophy of Indian Sectaries. 555 



foregoing. Adharma is that which causes the soul to continue embarrassed 

 with body, notwithstanding its capacity for ascent and natural tendency 

 to soar. 



V. Acdsdsticdya: the predicament dcdsa, of which there are two, Locdcdsa 

 and Alocdcdsa. 



1. Locdcdsa is the abode of the bound : a worldly region, consisting of 

 divers tiers, one above the other, wherein dwell successive orders of beings 

 unliberated. 



2. Alocdcdsa is the abode of the liberated, above all worlds (Ideas) or 

 mundane beings. Here dcdsa implies that, whence there is no return. 



The Joina gymnosophists are also cited * for an arrangement which 

 enumerates six substances {dravya) as constitutmg the world : viz. — 



1. J'lva, the soul. 



2. Dharma, \drtue ; a particular substance pervading the world, and 

 causing the soul's ascent. 



3. Adharma, vice ; pervading the world, and causing the soul's continuance 

 with body. 



4. Pudgala, matter; substance having colour, odour, savour, and tactility ; 

 as wind, fire, water, and earth : either atoms, or aggregates of atoms ; 

 individual body, collective worlds, &c. 



5. Cdla, time : a particular substance, which is practically treated, as 

 past, present, and future. 



C. A'cdsa, a region, one, and infinite. 



To reconcile the concurrence of opposite qualities in the same subject at 

 different times, and in different substances at the same times, the Jainas 

 assume seven cases deemed by them apposite for obviating the difficulty 

 {bhanga-naya') : 1st. May be, it is ; [somehow, in some measure, it so is] : 

 2d. May be, it is not : 3d. May be, it is, and it is not [successively] : 4th. 

 May be, it is not predicable ; [opposite qualities co-existing] : 5th. the first 

 and fourth of these taken together : may be it is, and yet not predicable : 

 Gth. tlie second and fourth combined : may be it is not, and not pj-edicable ; 

 7th. the third (or the first and second) and the fourth, united : may be it is 

 and it is not, and not predicable. 



Tliis notion is selected for confutation by the Veddntins, to show the 

 futility of the Jaina doctrine. ' It is,' they observe, ' doubt or surmise, not 



* Ramanuja on the Br. Sutr. 

 4. C 2 



