Mr. CoLEitROOKE on the Philosophy of Indian Sectaries. 559 



Others, again, affirm the actual existence of external objects, no less 

 than of internal sensations : considering external as perceived by senses ; 

 and internal as iixferred by reasoning. 



Some of them recognise the immediate perception of exterior objects. 

 Others contend for a mediate apprehension of tliem, through images, or 

 resembling forms, presented to the intellect : objects they insist are inferred, 

 but not actually perceived. Hence two branches of the sect of Buddha : 

 one denominated Sautrcintica ; the other Vaihhdshica. 



As these, however, have many tenets in common, they may be con- 

 veniently considered together ; and are so treated of by the scholiasts of 

 Vyasa's Brahme-sutras : understanding one adhicarana (the 4th of the 

 1A chapter in the 2d lecture) to be directed against these two sects of 

 Buddhists ; and the next following one (2. 2. 5.) to be addressed to the 

 Yogdchdras; serving, however, likewise for the confutation of the advocates 

 of an universal void.* 



The Sautrcintica and Vaihhdshica sects, admitting then external (bdhi/a) 

 and internal (abhyantara) objects, distinguish, under the first head, elements 

 (bhuta') and that which appertains thereto (bhautica), namely, organs and 

 sensible qualities ; and under the second head, intelligence (chitta), and that 

 which unto it belongs (chailta). 



The elements (bhuta or mahdbhula) which they reckon four, not acknow- 

 ledging a fifth, consist of atoms. The Bauddhas do not, with the followers 

 of Canade, affirm double atoms, triple, quadruple, &c. as the early gradations 

 of composition ; but maintain indefinite atomic aggregation, deeming com- 

 pound substances to be conjoint primary atoms. 



Earth, they say, has tl^e nature or peculiar character of hardness ; water, 

 that of fluidity ; fire, that of heat ; and air, that of mobility. Terrene 

 atoms are hard ; aqueous, liquid ; igneous, hot ; aerial, mobile. Aggregates 

 of these atoms partake of tiiose distinct characters. One authority, how- 

 ever, states, that they attribute to terrene atoms the characters of colour. 



• This schism among the Baudd/ias, splitting into four sects, is anterior to the age of 

 S'ancara ACHARYA, who expressly notices all the four. It had commenced before the com- 

 position of the Drahma-sutras, and consequently before the days of S'abara swamI and 

 CumAiui-a bhat't'a; since two, at the least, of those sects, are separately confuted. All of 

 them appear to have been indiscriminately persecuted, when the BaudMas of every denomination 

 were expelled from Ilindust'han and the peninsula. Wlielher the same sects yet subsist among 

 the Baudd/ias of Ceylon, Thibet, and the trans-gangetic India, and in China, deserves inquiry. 



